                                                    ..
                                                    ..
                                                    ..
                                                    ..

                                  

                            - 0 0 1 0 - 0 1

        ,    
-0010-01.         (  ,
1986.  07.24.),      . 
  .
      -0010-01.


                              

 ......................................................   3

 1.      -0010-01    5
 1.1.  -0010-01.......................................   5
 1.2.      ...................   5
 1.3.   -  ................................   9
 1.4.   -  ..............................  11
 1.5.    ...............................  13
 1.5.1.    .............................  13
 1.5.2.    ................................  13
 1.5.3.   .........................................  13
 1.5.4.   - ...............................  14
 1.5.5.      ......  15

 2.       ...........................  16
 2.1.      ..................  16
 2.2.  .....................................................  18
 2.3.  ......................................................  19
 2.4.   ...........................................  20
 2.5.   ...........................................  21

 3.       .........................  22
 3.1.   ..............................................  22
 3.2.     ..................................  23
 3.3.   ................................................  23
 3.3.1.  ................................................  23
 3.3.2.  ...............................................  25
 3.3.3.  ................................................  25
 3.4.    .......................................  26
 3.4.1.  RUN ..............................................  26
 3.4.2.  CONT .............................................  26
 3.4.3.  CSAVE, CLOAD .....................................  26
 3.4.4.  LIST  "." .......................................  27
 3.4.5.  DELETE ...........................................  27
 3.4.6.  NEW ..............................................  27
 3.4.7.  RENUM ............................................  27
 3.4.8.  AUTO .............................................  28
 3.5.    .....................................  28
 3.5.1. ,   .................................  28
 3.5.1.1.  COLOR .........................................  28
 3.5.1.2.  CLS ...........................................  29
 3.5.2.   ........................................  29
 3.5.2.1.  PSET ..........................................  29
 3.5.2.2.  LINE ..........................................  29
 3.5.2.3.  CIRCLE ........................................  30
 3.5.2.4.  PAINT .........................................  30
 3.5.2.5.  DRAW ..........................................  31
 3.5.2.6.   ..............................  32
 3.5.3.   .......................................  32
 3.5.3.1.  LET ...........................................  32
 3.5.3.2.  GOTO ..........................................  33
 3.5.3.3.  PRINT .........................................  33
 3.5.3.4.  INPUT .........................................  34
 3.5.3.5.  FOR  NEXT ...................................  35
 3.5.3.6.  REM ...........................................  36
 3.5.3.7.  DATA, READ, RESTORE ..........................  36
 3.5.3.8.  DIM ...........................................  37
 3.5.3.9.  IF ............................................  38
 3.5.3.10.  GOSUB  RETURN ..............................  39
 3.5.3.11.  ON ...........................................  40
 3.5.3.12.  KEY ..........................................  41
 3.6.  ....................................................  41
 3.6.1.   .........................................  41
 3.6.2.   ........................................  43
 3.6.2.1.  BIN$, OCT$, HEX$ ...............................  43
 3.6.2.2.  CHR$  ASC .....................................  44
 3.6.2.3.  LEN ............................................  44
 3.6.2.4.  STRING$ ........................................  44
 3.6.2.5.  INKEY$ .........................................  45
 3.6.2.6.  STR$  VAL .....................................  46
 3.6.2.7.  MID$ ...........................................  46
 3.6.3. ,   ......................  46
 3.7.     ...........................  47
 3.7.1.   ............................................  48
 3.7.2.   OUT ............................................  48
 3.7.3.   .............................................  48
 3.7.4.   INP .............................................  48
 3.8.     ..........................  49
 3.9.      ...........................  53
 3.10.    ......................................  57

 4.      ......................  59
 4.1.       ...............  59
 4.2.      ..............................  60
 4.3.     ...........................  61
 4.4.     ...............................  62
 4.4.1.    ...............................  63
 4.4.2.   ...................................  65
 4.4.3.   ...................................  69
 4.4.4.    ..............................  73
 4.4.4.1.   .......................................  73
 4.4.4.2.      ....................  79
 4.4.4.3.   .....................................  80
 4.4.4.3.1.   ................................  81
 4.4.4.3.2.   ...............................  82
 4.4.5.   ....................................  86
 4.4.5.1.    .............................  87
 4.4.5.2.    PSW .........................  87
 4.5.   ........................................  87
 4.6.   .................................................  88

 5.        ...  90
 5.1.  MIRAGE ............................................  90
 5.2.    ........................................  93
 5.3.   ............................................  94
 5.3.1.   ...........................................  94
 5.3.2.     ..................................  97
 5.3.2.1.     ..............................  98
 5.3.2.2.  ........................................  99
 5.3.2.3.    .........................  99
 5.3.3.      ......................  99

 6.       ................ 104
 6.1.         .... 104
 6.2.     .............. 107
 6.3.      ............. 112

.   -0010-01 ............................. 115
 ....................................................... 120


                             

            -    
  -   ,          
                 
 .                
  .             
  -  ,          
,     .
    ,  ,       
       .    ,
          ,            
             
   - -0010-01.       
        ,    
     .  -0010-01      
,                
  ,              
    .
        ,     .    
  -          
.         ,    
      .  ,  
    ,      
 .         
  ,        ,      
    ;        ,       
   ;        
  ,     .
          -0010-01.            
   ,        :  "      
?     ?   
 ,      ?"
    ,      -  
      -0010-01    .
                    
    -0010-01,      
  ,          ,  
   ,    .
         ,     ,
            .   
.  ..
                   
.   ..
                   
  -0010-01  .     .  
..
           
        -   .  
     ,   
          .  
  ., .  ..
        ,       
"      ".      -    ,     
  ,        ,    
       .
           
  "",     
        ,      ,
   .
   .   . (.)  
"  "           ,
                
   .
                  
   .,  .,  .,  . 
,         
           .
                  :
428000, ., / 121,  ..

            1.        
                           -0010-01

                      1.1.  -0010-01

   -0010-01 (  ) -   ,    
  .          
        -    ,    
,    .     
    ,     
          (  ).
   -       .  
   .1.

           =====================   =====================
                                         
           L=====================-   L=====================-


              <                               >


           ====================    =====================
                         
           L====================-    L=====================-

                 .1.   -0010-01

    -     .       
    .
            ,        
,     .
               
  .        , -
    (,   "").
           
   ()      
 ,    .       
 ,   ,       -
/,         ,
, ,     .
          "Q-Bus"  ("  
").    ,       ,   ,
,  ,                 
    (  ),    o  
   . 16    ()  
        .


             1.2.     

        ,   
 ,     .
     - 16 .    (      "binary
digit" - " ")    . 
       ,        
 "   ?".         
         .  ,
  " 0"  " 1".  0  1 ?
     ,   "     -
".     .
            -
      10 :  0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.   
     ,  -
    .
             10.    
  847 (   ).     
       :
                  2       1       0
              8*10  + 4*10  + 7*10  = 800 + 40 + 7 = 847
           
      (    10)
 ,     .  ,  "7"  
   847,   ( "7")  -
  7  10   0. ,      0
 1.  "4"    4  10 (10  -
 1),   8 -   8  100 (10   2). 
      -  
    .    (  )  
    0    .
           2 :
0  1.     1001  , ,
         2.     
           1001   
 :
           3      2      1      0
        1*2  + 0*2  + 0*2  + 1*2  = 1*8 + 0*4 + 0*2 + 1*1 = 9
             
.  ,    377      
  :
           2      1      0
        3*8  + 7*8  + 7*8  = 3*64 + 7*8 + 7*1 = 255
               
    16    :   0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,,,,D,E,F.   
A,B,C,D,E,F            ,  
  10,11,12,13,14,15.
         ,    
          .   ,
       ,   
             
 -  0   1.       ,  
   :  1  = 8 , 1  = 1024
 ().
   ,   - 16 .   16     -
   16  ,   -
  . ,      
16  ( 2 ).  ,     ,
  ,    .    
  .  ,     2 , 
             8-  
(, "", "")    , 
 16-  -  , , , .
    .2            
.       0  15.    
 0 ( )  ,     15 -
.                 
  .       
        .          
 .    "1"     "0" -  
.

    15                           8   7                           0
   ----T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---
    0  1  0  1  0  0  1  0  0  1  1  1  0  1  0  0 
   L---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----
    L------   ---------- L-------   ---------

                        .2.  

                  
    .    
( -)       400  
  .       
    ,    
  ,     .
       2- :      -
 ()     ().
        ,   .  
  16-    () 5656,   
  32.         -
.
   ,   ,      (
   ).       ,  
   .
      4-  18012.      ( -
, )    -      .  
          ,    
   ,         
      .        
.   ,             
  .        
  ,            
    ,  ""  .  
    ,         
      :     
   ,     ( 
   ,      8).
      ,    ,  32,    16
    16 -    .
           -
   ,         -
 (.3).
                         ----T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T-----------
              0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  10 ...
    ()       +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----------
                  0      2      4      6    10 ...
    ()       +-------+-------+-------+-------+-----------
   ()   0...15Ħ0...15Ħ0...15Ħ0...15Ħ0...15 ...
      () L-------+-------+-------+-------+-----------

                       . 3.  

      ,     ()
       
 16
2  - 1  = 177777 = 65535 .  (      
         ,
       .    ,  
  ,         
""      ).         
   (   )     (
          ).   
          ,      
      .
         0  77777,     - 
100000  177577.   4    (-
 ) -0010-01.

   ------------------T--------------------------------------------
                                    
   =================+============================================
           0              ,              
         777             ( 0,5  )                              
   +-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
        1000                                                    
       37777                               
     ( 67777)         ( 15,5   27,5     )      
   +-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
       40000                                                    
     ( 70000)                                       
       77777             ( 16   4     )           
   +-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
      100000               : ,       
      117777             ( 8  )                                
   +-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
      120000                             
      177577             ( 23,9  )                             
   +-----------------+--------------------------------------------+
      177600                           
      177777             ( 0,1  )                              
   L-----------------+---------------------------------------------
        .4.    -0010-01

   ,     -    .
          ,  
  , , ,  .   -
         18011.
    "DEC-",     
PDP-11    DEC  (Digital Equipment Corporation) -   
     .     
      ,  -60,    ..  
,  ,       
        .


                   1.3.   - 

            .  
   24   ( ),   -
  ,  , ,   
       .  
  32-   -          
  32-  (,    ),  -
   "32   ".         64
,     "64   ". 
        
 "2"  ";".   "64   "  -
     -  ().
    .5         (-
  Y)             
(  ).  ,   ""     1-
 2- .  ,  ,     -
  (   ),   .
   ,     
  ;       .   
,         ,   
 .      ""  -
    ,   .
             .    
,     ,    
.

      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7       (   - 
     --T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T--       0  31)
   0          
   1          
   2  ̦ЦҦ-   
   3          
   4 
       Y (   - 
           0  23)

   .5.    ( "32   ")

     ,    ,    10  -
   -    .   240 (
10    24   ).      
      -     .
      256 (  "32 -
  ")  512 (  "64   ").
       -  ,      -
.  .6 ,   ""     
    .    
  (),      
-          
.          
   .
   ,     (  ),    -
,      (),   , 
 - ,      ,  ,  
  .

       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8     (   - 
      --T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T---      0  255)
    0          
    1        
    2      
    3       
    4       
    5        
    6        
    7        
    8          
    9          
        Y (   - 
               0  239)

  .6.    ( "32   ")

   ,       "64    "  
         .      
       - 0  1,     
  ,   .      
,      "64    "   
 -   .
       "32         "        
   .         ,
       4  - ,  ,
, .       
    ,    ,   
 [10].
            ( 40000) 
   .       
      (  - 64 ),      
,   ..           
77777.       2000 () ,  
    X=0,  Y=0     
   42000.
         ,    
      ().      
   70000,          4  
.          .
                   (,
).


                  1.4.   - 

     -------T-----T-----T-----T-----T-----T-----T-----T-----T-----
                            ʦ     Ϧ
                                                   
     +---T--+T---T+--T--+T---T+--T--+T---T+--T--+T---T+--T--+T----+
         ;  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  -  /     
         +  !  "  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  {  =  ?     
     +---+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T--+T---+
                             :    Ѧ
          J  C  U  K  E  N  G  [  ]  Z  H  *  }    
     +----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
                              .        
          F  Y  W  A  P  R  O  L  D  V  \  >        
     +----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---T---+
     ˦Ц                   ,          
             Q  ^  S  M  I  T  X  B  @  <          
     +----+-T-+--T+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-T-+---+   +---+   
         2                                         
                        ()                           
     L------+----+------------------------------+-----+---+---+----

                   .7.   -0010-01

             .    
         -      
,    6  -      
        6    .  
       ,    
  -.

             - "".   .

                -       ""
                  (" ").     -
                     ,   
                   "".

              - " ".    
                  ,      
                        "".

     ,    -      
                   .     -
                      ""  "".

    ,    -     
                  .

                - " ".     
                       (-
                  ,    "&"   
                   , ,   , 
                   "6").   -0010 
                     "" ("
                  ").

              - " ".    
                      
                     (   100 , 
                    ).

   2          - "  ".  
                        
                      (   100
                  ,    ).  -0010  
                     "" (" ").
                       
                     1.

                 - "". "" (  ) , 
                    .

                -   ,   
                  .

                - "  ".   ,
                     ,  
                    .

                - "  ".   ,
                     ,  
                    .

                  
    .

            -      .

           -       
                      .

         -     .

             -   -.

           .
     2-  3-   
   "/".

   /@         -    ,   
                       ;

   2/      -      () 
                  ;

   2/:        - / ;

   2/;        -   32/64   ;

   2/   /1    -   ;

   2/   /2    -   ;

   2/   /3    -   ;

   2/   /4    -   .

                
  . 3.5.3.12,    " " [2].

                   1.5.   

                     
.    16-     
 ,     177600   177777.
                    
,    .    
        .   
                
   .

                  1.5.1.   

        177660.
        .
    6 -    .        
  "0",     ;  
   ,   6    "1".
    7 -    .    "1"
             .  
   .
        (  6    "0"),
        7  "1" (    
    )          -
        ,  
        ,    
.            7   
  "0".

                   1.5.2.   

        177662.
            0-6  
     .  
              ,    
  .
    7-15  .
       .

                        1.5.3.  

     177664      
     .
              
1330.       1     
    1  .
            9   "1".
        "0".

    8, 10-15  .
        .

                   1.5.4.   -

     - 177714.
                    ,
      ""  ("  ").  
   ,     .
             ,    
                 .  
                
 58912.
     1        
  "".

     1.      ""
     -----------------------------T----------------------------
                                          
     +------------T---------------+------------T---------------+
                             
              ""           ""  
     +------------+---------------+------------+---------------+
          0           24            0         16         
          1           24            1         13         
          2           23            2         12         
          3           17            3         10         
          4           20            4          5         
          5           20            5          7         
          6           22            6          6         
          7           23            7          7         
          8           31            8         28         
          9           31            9         28         
         10           32           10         27         
         11           32           11         27         
         12           30           12         26         
         13           29           13         26         
         14           29           14         25         
         15           30           15         25         
     L------------+---------------------------+----------------

           !       
    58912.
    16   /    ""  :
 -   ""     
( )  RESET ( 1   ""  );
            -    
   "INIT" ;
 -     "IRQ2"  -     
 ( 1);      100;
 -   ( 11, 11, 18, 18, 19, 19);
 - +5  ( 8,  8,  9, 9);    
                
.
   ,        "",   
  :

         0 B  <  U1  <  0.5 B
       2.4 B  <  U0  <  5.25 B ,

    U1 - ,   "1" ,
       U0 - ,   "0" .
      -    "1"    
,   "0" - .
               
.

      1.5.5.     

     - 177716.
        (  8-15)      
,           (
         0).   
   100000.
    0-3      .
    0-3, 8-15    .
    4-7          .     
      ,     
       .
       :
    4      .
    5           ,  
   .
    6              
  .
    7      ( "1" -
"", "0" - "" ).
       :
    4      .
    5      .
    6      "0",             
  "1",    .
    7       .

                 2.      

            2.1.     

     ,       32  ,      
      ().      
       .
    -0010-01      ( ) 
     .          
                  :
     ,     
      .
   -           
        PASCAL,  C,  FORTH,  
  ,             
.  ,       
                 
   . ,  ,  
          
 .
                      
.           :  ,
  .
      :
   1)    , ,  FORTH, T-,
  (,      
    - ,     
,         - ,    
    ).
   2)      .   
  .  SBASIC  (  ),   
      ,    
      ,      
  [14].     :
   -    ,      
                (,
FOCOD/Alek .            
  ,      ).   
    ;
   -   (   ) .  
         ,        .
                ,
           ,      
   ,            
"" ;
   - XFOCAL   .  -      ,
   -,   
, , ;
   -   (    )  .       
    ,          
.        (-)    
         ;    
     .    
      ,            
 ,    -      ,
      .
   3)   :
   -    (,  COPY6,  UNIC,  -/Alek,
, HELP  .).     ,
     ,     
 ,    ,   
     (     
   ).  -/Alek .   
                
          ,    
    .    ,      
       ;
   -   (TSTF5M,  KATALM    .),    
       ;
   -          (EDASP,  ,      .),
             .
                  
.         
EDASP (ASP corp.).   EDASP-   
   (BASE    .),  EDASP      
       .      
  ;
   -    , , PAINT    -
   ,  ,  ,  
   .    -
    ""  .       
     PAINT,   -
     IBM PC    ,  -
  REDA (.)  GRAF1M,   "-
 ",  "",  " ",  " 
",  "     ".  REDA   
          
       ,    
   MACRO-11,    , -
     ;
   -       .
   4)      ( . .4  5):
   -  (,  ,  MIRAGE),    
  ,      (    
  ),          
      ,    
  ..;
   -   (9,  10  ..) .,  . 
.,            ,
,      ,   ,  
    ;
   -   (     .,  
      );
   -   ,   ;
   -         ,      ,
,  EMT RT-11    PASCAL.
          ,  
      -            ,
,    .          ,  
     ,    ,  
      ,    ,      
 .
        :
   - BASE (ASP corp.) -    .    
 ,  ,     ..  
                   
    ,  ;
   - CALC (.  ) -  ,    
     ,  
           
    .
       (, , ),
         ,  
          ( ,    
, ).
       -           .    
       .      
     ,            ,    
  ,     ,  
              - ASP
corp.,  ., .   . ,   
     ,     
    ,        !
    ,        ,  ,  
"" (167024,  ., / 429),   
    ,     " ",     
            
   ,     .  
         "  
",         "     
"  "".
           "",   
  ,           -
"".                "  
" !
              
 .

                           2.2. 

         ,      ,  
   -.  , 
 ,     -        
.     ,     -
  ,    
" " .  ,   
  ,         
.   ,         ""  ,    
  ,    "              ,
,     ".     
:  "     ,       
 ".       , ,
,       .    IBM  PC  - 
-       ,    
,         .
   ,          MSX [13],  
         :  ,      
             .    
  "PLAY"         .
       
SBASIC (.).   SBASIC       
 .
        -        
  .  -      
           
  .            
       .   -
      
    .          
   ,     
.
    ,               
  ,    (    
),           (,
 ,     1000  4000),   ,  
      .     
  ,    - .
                   
         (      
,     ).   
               
  .     , 
 -  .
          .
   ,          
.           
    MONIT (   : MON  
 "").
          ,           
  .         
 "SBASIC.BIN".         
  BLOAD"SBASIC",R .
         SBASIC      
 .  SBASIC   [14].
           ,      
      ,         
      ,     
 ,     .     
      .

                            2.3. 

              .    ,
 ,     .  
  ,  ,  ,      .      
          (,  
         ).
            ,      
                     
  .
    ,    ,     
.             
   !           
 .
              ,  
  -         
.     "" ?   
()        (,
  )       ,    ,   
             
.               
(,  ),        
.        ,
        .     
 .
       .      
.           
,    ,         
  .    ,    PRESIDENT, MANAGER,
KLINGI,         . ,  
    ,            ,
 .
          [10],     
   :
   P M -    ;
   P T -      .
          120000  137777.


                         2.4.  

      ,          100000    117777  
   -    .    
  ,  EMT-       :
,      .  EMT-   
          
EMT.       ,  
      .      
       .4.
                 
   .   ,     
,           
   .
                 
 ,      ,  
.             
 ,        120000. 
-0010-01   ,      -
.
     ,             
  .         
.          
"?"  .   :
    -           ,    
   ;
   2000 -       ( 
 -   2000);
   S -      ;
   S12700 -         ( 
 -   12700);
    -             ( 
 160100;     );
        ""   ""    
(  ).

                         2.5.  

                    
    ,   
       .  
                
 P T      .
              "+".
    1  5       ,
  (            -0010),   
-,   .
             "".
                
 ""     .      
  -  "$".
           ,  
              .   
 :  "  "  -    ,  
  "",           ();
" " -      ,  
        .          
       .  
 :
    -    ;
    -      (
     "");
    -    ;
    -    ;
    -  ""    , 
  ()    ();
    -  ,    "", 
,    .     ;
    -       ;
    -        ""
( );
    -    (  
""     ;
    -     ;
    -     ;
    -     ;
    -     ;
    -   -     ;
    -     (  1000);
   , -        ( 
   );
   , -          (  
     - ,   
  );
   . -  ",",   ;
   - -    ,  ",",   
 ;
   : -    ;
   , ,  - ,      ;
   G -    "";
    -      .

                3.      

             
 -0010-01 (  "").  ,   
        ,   
,         [1,2]      
 .   ,   
  ,       -
 3.8,  3.9,      
       .

                          3.1.  

       ,     ,
  .      :
        1.       Z.
        2.    0  9.
        3. ,    :
                *  - ;
                /  - ;
                +  - ;
                -  - ;
                ^  -    ( , 3^2=9 );
                \  -   ( , 5\2=2 );
                (  -  ;
                )  -  .
        4.  :
                <  - ;
                >  - ;
                =  - ;
                ;  -   ;
                !  -  ;
                ?  -  ;
                "  - ;
                '  - ;
                $  - "",   "",   ""
                %  - ;
                #  -   (  ""  );
                @  -  "";
                &  - ;
                   - .
     ,    
  :
        1.     a  z.
        2.       .
        3.       .
        4.   (    
  "2"    ).
          ""   "0" ("")    
  .
   ,      ,   
             
.



                    3.2.    

   ,    ,    ,  
   .
       ,   3- :

        1 CLS
        2 CIRCLE ( 120,120 ),30,1
        3 END

         .    
       (      )       
  .         
  0  65535.
              ,  
      .    CLS ( 1) 
 -        ,      .
 CIRCLE ( 2)  .  (120,120),30,1
(  CIRCLE)   ,     
.  END ( 3)    .
      ,     
  RUN.        
  "".          
.           ,    
 (     "").
           ,
  ,  ,  ,    CLS  (Clear  Screen  -
 ).
            .
      ,    5   10.  
                 
   .
        - ,  
      "".
      ( )    
   ( )    ,  
255 .        
          "".       
,    .
    ,            
 (   ),     
 (   ).      -
 ,  -  (  ).

                           3.3.  

         (  ),  
        .
    ,            ,
  .8.            
 ()  .

                          3.3.1. 

        .   - 
 ,              
          .  ,    

                          ------------
                               
                          L-----T------
                          ------+---------------
                     -----+-----         ------+-----
                                  
                     L----T------         L===========-
                ----------+--------------
         -------+------    -------------+-------------
                         
         L=============-    L------------T--------------
                              -----------+----------
                 -------------+-------     --------+----------
                            
                 L====================-     L==================-

             .8.     

   47,      47   
 .
             
  (,     ).  
         .
    :

        ""
        " -0010-01"
        "******"

          -      
-32768  32767.
         -   ,
  ,         .    
         
 (  ,      ).      ,  
     - ,      
   .       
  (   ).
             (
7      )    ( 17 
).   2     .
          ,  
 .           
           "%",    
    -  "!".
           
  (.  2).


                         2.    
  ---------------------T------------------T-----------------------
       ,           
                                                   
  +--------------------+------------------+-----------------------+
                        2                  47%            
                                                -2%            
  +--------------------+------------------+-----------------------+
                    4                  47!            
                                 -123.4!   -1.2342 
                                         0.0013!    1.3-3  
  +--------------------+------------------+-----------------------+
                      8             47                  
                                 0.0013     1.3D-3  
  L--------------------+------------------+------------------------

                   
    ,        ,   
 .          "&"  
   :
         -    (: &100101011101),
         -    (: &156743),
         -    (: &98).

                          3.3.2. 

       ,         
      .    
       .  
     .
            ().
      
 ,    :
        %  -     ;
        2! -   2  ;
        3  -   3  ;
        $  -   .
      (.8)       ,
      (.2),       .  
            
 ,   "PRIWET"   "PROBA"    
 .
                
,        .    
          .
,      %    
 23.16,  %    23% (   
).

                           3.3.3. 

      2  :
        -  ;
        -  () .
          
       ,  ,
     ,            
  .        
              (      
).     :

        (47+)/
        !
        23.134

                ,
    (   -32768  32767).
                 
     (  "\")
     ( "MOD"). , 
5\2  2 (    5  2),   5MOD2
 1 (   5  2).
          
          ,  
      ()  ,  
      (      ).  
  -  .  :  ""+""  -
          (    -
  "").

                      3.4.   

              
     "".

                          3.4.1.  RUN

    RUN      .    
     ,    
RUN    . , RUN 150.

                         3.4.2.  CONT

     ,     
 STOP  END,      "".  
CONT         ,      
  STOP    "".
             STOP      
,           
    (  STOP),          (
)        
   ,    STOP.

                     3.4.3.  CSAVE, CLOAD

    CSAVE    ,    
,      .      CSAVE    
    (),      ,      6
. ,  CSAVE ""    
   "".     (  )  
      CLOAD "".

                      3.4.4.  LIST  "."

     LIST         ().  
 3     LIST.
         23,     
      ,         .
        
 ""  "".     .
              "."   ().
,    .117  (     )  
  117,      .

                         3.    LIST
------------------T--------------------------------------------------
                                      
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
 LIST                                            
 LIST -110           -     110 
 LIST 125-           -   125    
 LIST 115-295        -   115   
                  295                                              
 LIST 195          195                                       
L-----------------+---------------------------------------------------

                        3.4.5.  DELETE

    DELETE        .
  4     DELETE.

                      4.    DELETE.
------------------T--------------------------------------------------
                         
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
 DELETE                                                         
 DELETE -55            55 ()  
 DELETE 245-        245           
 DELETE 135-145     135   145                      
L-----------------+---------------------------------------------------

               
  "".

                          3.4.6.  NEW

     NEW              ,   
    .

                         3.4.7.  RENUM

     RENUM      (    )
 .  :

        RENUM L1,L2,S

  L1 -       (
          ),
     L2 -  ,     ( -
          ),
     S  -  ,     0  65535.
   ,   RENUM 10,3,5    ,
      3,          10,   
     5 (    
    5).

                         3.4.8.  AUTO

    AUTO        .      
               
 -      .
                 
 .        
  "".          
,       
.
    :

        AUTO L,S

   L -  ,     ,
      S -    ( ),  
            0  65535.
   ,       AUTO 25,5     
 ,    25.      ,
 5.
          "".

                   3.5.   

         
.

                3.5.1. ,  

                   3.5.1.1.  COLOR

            -  
  ().    ,    
   .
   ,   ,    , , 
    .          
 .     :
        0 -   ();
        1 - ;
        2 - ;
        3 - ;
        4 - .
    COLOR    ()   :

        COLOR C,F

      -   ,   ,
        F -   ,       
            .
   ,     COLOR 1,3      
           .    
   - ,        ()  -
.
    COLOR 0,1         (  1).  
    ,      ( 0),    .
,          
( ).
    0     . ,  COLOR 1,0
   -     .

                        3.5.1.2.  CLS

    CLS       .
          ,       
 (""   ).

                       3.5.2.  

         ,  ,
,   ,   .         
 ( )     .
         
    ( )     
( Y),    . 6.

                        3.5.2.1.  PSET

             ,  


        PSET (X,Y),C

    Y -  ,   ;
      -   ,       
             0  4.
   :

        1 CLS
        2 PSET (120,120),0
        3 PSET (1,33),2

       (120,120)   (),  
   ,   (1,33)   .

                        3.5.2.2.  LINE

   

        LINE (X1,Y1)-(X2,Y2),C

      (1,Y1)      
(X2,Y2).         .  X1,Y1,X2,Y2 -
 . :

        1 CLS
        2 LINE (10,15)-(210,223),3

        LINE      .  
      Y,    ,
    ,       LINE.
  "",     ,      
(),        LINE  
"".   ,        LINE (12,15)-(143,147),3,B      
,         Y,   
      (12,15)  (143,147).
     .

                       3.5.2.3.  CIRCLE

   

        CIRCLE (X,Y),R,C

        (,Y),   R.
      .  ,Y,R - 
. :

        1 CLS
        2 CIRCLE (150,150),20,1

                  
(150,150),   - 20 ,  - .
   

        CIRCLE (X,Y),R,C,F1,F2

     ().    F1    F2  -  
,         ,    
     .    
 (   !). :

        1 CLS
        2 CIRCLE (X,Y),20,2,1.57,3.14

      CIRCLE    . 

        CIRCLE (X,Y),R,C,,,S

 .    F1  F2 ,    
  .     S,   
,       . :

        1 CLS
        2 CIRCLE (100,100),20,1,,,0.4

           ( ),   
  F1  F2, :

        1 CLS
        2 CIRCLE (100,100),20,1,1.57,3.14,5

                       3.5.2.4.  PAINT

               
 

        PAINT (X,Y),C1,C2
 (X,Y) -      ;
    1    -   ;
    2    -      ( 
             1);   X,Y,1,2 -  .

                        3.5.2.5.  DRAW

    DRAW     ,  
  .       
 (  ),       DRAW  
        .  
         .
      DRAW     9.   
 ,      .
     45 .

                                  U

                              H      E
                                  
                           L  ----+----  R
                                  
                              G      F

                                  D

                    .9.   DRAW

       DRAW            
.  ,   U5     (
   )    .    5 - ,
  .         
 0  32767. :

        215 CLS
        220 PSET (100,100),1
        225 DRAW "R20D20L20U20"

        ,   
   .
                   .
,  100,120           
 (100,120).         (
 ,   100)   "+"  "-",   
     .
    ,     
,   :
     - ,      ,
              ;
    N - ,    
           .
          0   4      
.
        :
        5 CLS
        10 K$="U5R5D5L5"
        15 PSET (104,123),1
        20 DRAW"D45R70XK$;"

   20     DRAW      "D45R70"
  ,    $ (  10). 
  $     .
        DRAW.  
   [5].
        DRAW:

        5 CLS
        10 COLOR 1,3
        15 DRAW "BM70,80 R15 D25 L15 U25"
        20 DRAW "BM75,85 C2 R5 D15 L5 U15"

                  3.5.2.6.  

      PSET, LINE, CIRCLE, PAINT      
     (0,0) -     .
       ,    ,
        
    ( ).      
    "@". :

        1 CLS
        2 PSET (100,100),1
        3 PSET @(2,2),1

      :    (100,100),
   (102,102).

                      3.5.3.  

                        3.5.3.1.  LET

    LET  ,        
,  ,     .
   :

        1 LET X%=22
        2 LET K%=17+X%
        3 PRINT X%,K%
        4 END

    %    22 ( 1),    %  -
    17+%  ( 2).   PRINT
( 3)    %  %  .
     LET      .
         ( LET 
  ):

        1 CLS
        2 $=""
        3 $=""
        4 $=$+$
        5 PRINT C$
        6 END

      4       $      
 ()     $  $:
"".
                        3.5.3.2.  GOTO

      GOTO       
 :
                    GOTO L

  L -    (    0  65535).
   ,     GOTO 185  
   185 (      185).
   :
                    1 
                    2 GOTO 1

     1   ,        
("").  ,                
 .          
 ""   ,      "".

                       3.5.3.3.  PRINT

    PRINT             ,
   .  "PRINT"  
"?",    .
     "PRINT" ( "?")     (
),     .    
      .
        ,      ,
    ,      
 ,   :

        10 X%=5
        20 PRINT X%;2/X%

      ,       ,
    ( ):

        10 $=""
        20 $=""
        30 PRINT A$;B$

         ,    
   ,        
  16      .      ,
  ,      ,    
:
        10 X%=12
        20 PRINT X%,2^X%

        PRINT    
   -     PRINT    
     ,      
  :

        10 ? "*******";
        20 ? " BASIC ";
        30 ? "*******"

     PRINT    -        
  :

        10 ? ""
        20 ?
        30 ? "-0010-01"

       PRINT,     
   :

        10 CLS
        20 ? AT(3,17)""

          PRINT  ,    
""            3-  17- 
.
        PRINT  TAB(X)     
   ,    :

        10 CLS
        20 ? (7)""

    ""     ,    7-  
,   .
              
0  255.
   ,       0  31 
,     -  0  23  .   
    31,        
    32,     (3)    
(35),  (67)   .    (3,22)   (35,22),
(67,22)   .        
(  ) - , (17,3)   (17,27), (17,51)
  .

                       3.5.3.4.  INPUT

      :

        1 =126
        2 =145
        3 ?"  :";*

        (126  145). 
    ,     -
          :

        1 INPUT"  ";,
        2 ?"  :";*
          :
          ?

                
    ,      -  
   .      
 "",        ,  
    INPUT.
       "  "    
.          INPUT    .
,     INPUT P$,H%,E%     
   (  $,%,%)  
  "?".       ""   
    ,       
 "??",      ,        
.
     INPUT          
.     (   )  
 ,     .
        INPUT:

        10 INPUT "   ";S,V
        20 ? "   = ";S/V

                    3.5.3.5.  FOR  NEXT

     :

        1 CLS
        2 FOR X%=1% TO 30% STEP 2%
        3 ? AT(X%,1%);"*"
        4 ? AT(X%,20%);"*"
        5 NEXT X%

    2,3,4,5  .    
  .      (  %)  
 1 (,     "="),   
,       FOR    NEXT),   
  %     -   2, 
   STEP).     
%   30 (,       ),    
,        NEXT.      
     FOR.
            1,30,2  (.    2)  
         ,  
  % -    .
         -
:
        1 CLS
        2 FOR X%=30% TO 1% STEP -2%
        3 ? AT(X%,1%);"*"
        4 ? AT(X%,20%);"*"
        5 NEXT X%

         -2.      1,    
  . :


        10 CLS
        20 FOR K%=0% TO 100%
        30 LINE (K%,100%-K%)-(100%-K%,K%),1,B
        40 NEXT K%

           GOTO,  
 NEXT.   ,   FOR,    1.
              .      
,        (  25-55)      (
15-60):
        10 CLS
        15 FOR C=1 TO 3                  '  
        20    ? CHR$(157);CHR$(157);
        25    FOR R=0 TO 100 STEP 5         '  
        30       CIRCLE (128,120),R,C
        35       CIRCLE (64,60),R,C
        40       CIRCLE (196,60),R,C
        45       CIRCLE (64,180),R,C
        50       CIRCLE (196,180),R,C
        55    NEXT R                        '  
        60 NEXT C                        '  
        65 END

             
  ,   -    
     .  ,        
        ,      
        ,        
    . ,    
 55  60 (  ,     
     ).

                        3.5.3.6.  REM

    REM            
,            .
     REM        
:
        1 REM  
        2 FOR I%=1 TO 25
        3 BEEP
        4 NEXT I%

               ,      
  (    DATA),     
  (.  ).

                3.5.3.7.  DATA, READ, RESTORE

     DATA      -    
 .           
(   ):

        10 DATA 48,16
        20 READ X%,A%,B%
        30 READ E$,K$,P%
        40 DATA 17,,,23
        50 RESTORE 40
        60 READ H%,T$

      10    40      -     
,      ,  
  READ   20,30  60.
    ,         
  .  ,    ,   
        DATA 
    .        -   DATA 
 10.  ,      
    48.    ,       READ,
  ,      
.    20  %   48. 
    16,       
%.           17 (  DATA 
 40),    %      17.    
  $    "",   $ -
 "",   %  23.
   ,           DATA      
( )  .        
RESTORE.      50 RESTORE 40   
 40,         17.    
 60  %     17 (  
20    %).
                 
:
        %=48%
        %=16%
        %=17%
        $=""
        $=""
        %=23%
        %=17%
        $=""

                        3.5.3.8.  DIM

              ()
.         ,          ,  
 ()         
.      DIM:

        10 DIM A%(15)
        20 FOR K%=0 TO 15
        30 INPUT " ";A%(K%)
        40 NEXT K%

     10          
  %  (  "%"     ,      ).
  ()     ().   
DIM             
  .    ,         
    0,          
16-  .
       -  .  ,
%(3) -  ,          
   3    %.          ()
    (          ).
                 
   DIM  0.
     20,30  40    .
      - .
         ,   
   .       
     .      
 ,          ,    
 - ,   ,    
    . :

        10 DIM B%(3,2)
        20 DATA 23,45,51,27,53,17,48,56,89,42,17,188
        30 FOR Y%=0 TO 3 '    
        40   FOR X%=0 TO 2 '    
        50     READ B%(Y%,X%)
        60   NEXT X%
        70 NEXT Y%
        80 END

              
 %,      :
              -------------T------------T-------------
               %(0,0)=23  %(0,1)=45  %(0,2)=51  
              +------------+------------+-------------+
               %(1,0)=27  %(1,1)=53  %(1,2)=17  
              +------------+------------+-------------+
               %(2,0)=48  %(2,1)=56  %(2,2)=89  
              +------------+------------+-------------+
               %(3,0)=42  %(3,1)=17  %(3,2)=188 
              L------------+------------+--------------
               
,    0  255.
    DIM                
 ,      ,
       .

                         3.5.3.9.  IF

           
 :
                        IF - 
                        THEN - , 
                        ELSE - 
                        AND - 
                        OR - 

         ,    
 -   ( - ).
      :

        IF B THEN O1 ELSE O2

          - ;
      1  2 - .
          (      ),  
  1,    2.
         ,  ,
   :  ">" - , "<" - , "=" - , "<>"
-  , ">=" -   , "<=" -   .
      1  2      .
      GOTO,   "GOTO"
  - ,  THEN GOTO 15   THEN 15.
         :

        IF B THEN O1

   :

        10 ? "   "
        20 INPUT " ";A
        30 IF A<0 THEN 20            '   
        40 INPUT " ";B
        50 IF B<0 THEN 40            '   
        60 IF A>B THEN M=A ELSE M=B
        70 ? "    ";

       IF  3 .     30,  
  <0 ,      20,  
(  <0 )    (  
40).   50  .   60,  
> ,      ,  -
  .
          ,  
        .   
  ,    - OR  AND.
   ,      1  2,    1
OR 2     ,    ,  
      (1  2) .  1
AND 2 ,      (1  2).
   :

        10 INPUT " 3  ";A,B,C
        20 IF A>B AND A>C THEN M=A ELSE IF B>A AND B>C THEN M=B
        ELSE M=C
        30 ? "  3-  ";M
        40 END

                  3.5.3.10.  GOSUB  RETURN

             
  ,       
        ,        
 GOSUB.           
    RETURN,        
  ,      GOSUB.
   :

        1  CLS
        2  INPUT X%,Y%
        3  GOSUB 9
        4  INPUT X%,Y%
        5  GOSUB 9
        6  END
        9  FOR I%=10 TO 20 STEP 2
        10   CIRCLE ( X%,Y% ),I%,3
        11 NEXT I%
        12 RETURN

     3  GOSUB 9         9
(,      9,10,11,12).    12 
RETURN     (  4).      5
           .   
    6.

                        3.5.3.11.  ON

    :
                        ON B GOTO C

  -  ,      0  32767;
  -    ,  .
    ON        
,         
   .  ,            1,  
    ,         
. :

        10 CLS
        20 ? " :"
        30 ? "1-"
        40 ? "2-"
        50 INPUT X%
        55 IF X%<>1 AND X%<>2 THEN 50
        60 ON X% GOTO 80,100
        80 LINE (100,100)-@(10,10),1,B
        90 END
        100 CIRCLE (170,170),20,1
        110 END

      60      80 ( %=1) 
  100 ( %=2).
      ON    GOTO  
 GOSUB:

        10 CLS
        20 ? " :"
        30 ? "1-"
        40 ? "2-"
        50 INPUT X%
        55 IF X%<>1 AND X%<>2 THEN 50
        60 ON X% GOSUB 80,100
        70 END
        80 LINE ( 100,100)-@(10,10),1,B
        90 RETURN
        100 CIRCLE ( 170,170 ),20,1
        110 RETURN

                        3.5.3.12.  KEY

             
  10 : "CAGLRCCC.R".     - 
   (  ),        
        "2"      
   .         5          
    .    "<>"    "<>"
             
  "".

      5.      
-------------------T------------------------------------------------
     ( )      
+------------------+------------------------------------------------+
    1                         COLOR                               
    2                         AUTO                                
    3                         GOTO                                
    4                         LIST                                
    5                         RUN <BK>                            
    6                         COLOR 1,0 <BK>                      
    7                         CLOAD"                              
    8                         CONT <BK>                           
    9                         . <BK>                              
    0                         <> RUN <BK>                      
L------------------+-------------------------------------------------

   ,  ,       COLOR    ,
        "2"  "1".  
  "2"  "0"   ()    
.
   ,              
      "2",        KEY:

        KEY K,O$

  -  ,    (  
         1  10);    10   "0";
    $ -  ,     .
           "2"    
    .
       16    
$. ,    KEY 1,"PRINT"  1 
  "PRINT".
           (,   
    )      2-   
       - ,    
.

                            3.6. 

                       3.6.1.  

         
  .  ,  , 
 3- . , SIN(X)    .
     6     ( ).
               
.   EXP(X)   =2.718282,   
 .      , 
    -88.4999999999999992  88.029685974121092.
    LOG           
.  ,          
LOG(X)/LOG(10) .
    FIX(X)    INT(X)         X 
   (    ).
               
  FIX    INT  .         
        -    INT  
    .     :

        10 ? INT(8.2);FIX(8.2)
        20 ? INT(-8.2);FIX(-8.2)

      FRE        
.    ,    - 
  ( )   ,    
  -       ,         
.       :

        10 ? FRE("A")
        20 ? FRE(2)

            POINT.    
POINT(X,Y)        ,Y.  X,Y  - 
:

        10 CLS
        20 PSET (15,15),2
        30 PSET (120,120),POINT(15,15)

        (120,120)      ,  
     (15,15).
          ,    POINT
 ,  -1.
          POINT     ,    
-    .
     ,    SIN  COS:

        5  REM     
        10 LINE (0,100)-(200,100),1
        20 LINE (0,50)-(0,150),1
        30 FOR X%=0 TO 200
        40   Y1%=30*SIN(X%/10)+100
        50   Y2%=30*COS(X%/10)+100
        60   PSET (X%,Y1%),2
        70   PSET (X%,Y2%),3
        80 NEXT X%
                                         6.  
----------------T--------------------------------T-------------------
                             
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    SQR(X)                   >=0              
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    SIN(X)                                 
+---------------+--------------------------------+          
    COS(X)                                                
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    TAN(X)                                                
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    ATN(X)                             
                                                         
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    EXP(X)                       =2,718282.       
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    LOG(X)        ,   >0               
                 ( ).                    
+---------------+--------------------------------+-------------------+
    ABS(X)                                      
                 (  )                                      
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    FIX(X)                                             
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    INT(X)                                
                 (   ,                         
                     ).                          
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    SGN(X)       -1,  <0;                                    
                  0,  =0;                                    
                  1,  >0.                                    
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    RND(X)                               
                  0  1                                        
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    FRE(0)                                    
+---------------+--------------------------------+                   
    FRE("")                                
                                               
L---------------+--------------------------------+--------------------

                       3.6.2.  

    ()          
     .    
        "$",        -  
,   -  .
            -      0  255.
,     ""  65.    
 1.
                  3.6.2.1.  BIN$, OCT$, HEX$

         -  .  -
   ,             
  :
        10 INPUT "   ";X%
        20 ? BIN$(X%);"  - "
        30 ? OCT$(X%);"  - "
        40 ? HEX$(X%);"  - "
        50 END

                     3.6.2.2.  CHR$  ASC

       CHR$      ,  
    0  255.     -  ,  
      .      (
)        0    255,    
   5. :

          10 INPUT "  ";K%
          20 IF K%>255 OR K%<=0 THEN 10
          30 ? CHR$(K%)
          40 GOTO 10

     ,      10.
      CHR$      ()  
  :

          10 ? CHR$(&O237)
          20 ? "  "
          30 ? CHR$(&O237)
          40 ? "  "

          ,
  237.    PRINT  CHR$(&O237)     
( 10)   ( 30)   .
    ASC                CHR$.
    ASC      .    
 -    :

        10 INPUT " ";K$
        20 ? ASC(K$)
        30 GOTO 10

          $,    
INPUT   10.
     -   ,          
   5.

                         3.6.2.3.  LEN

      LEN     .  
 -    (   ):

        10 INPUT " ";A$
        20 ? "   ";LEN(A$);""

                       3.6.2.4.  STRING$

          ,   
:
        10 ? STRING$(17,"+")

       "+" 17 .     
17    ,     0  255,  
   "+"  -    ,      
   ,   .
                 
,    0  255:

        10 INPUT" ";L%
        20 INPUT" ";K%
        40 ? STRING$(L%,K%)
        50 GOTO 10

                       3.6.2.5.  INKEY$

    :

        10 CLS
        20 I$=INKEY$
        30 IF I$="" THEN 20
        40 ? ASC(I$)
        50 GOTO 20

    I$=INKEY$    INPUT I$,        
            ( -
).         , 
  INKEY$    "".
     40    .
    ,     INKEY$ 
  :

        10  CLS
        20  X=100
        30  Y=100
        50  I$=INKEY$
        60  IF I$="" THEN 50
        70  PSET (X,Y),0
        80  IF I$=CHR$(&O31) THEN X=X+5
        90  IF I$=CHR$(&O10) THEN X=X-5
        100 IF I$=CHR$(&O32) THEN Y=Y-5
        110 IF I$=CHR$(&O33) THEN Y=Y+5
        120 PSET (X,Y),1
        130 GOTO 50

     20  30    
.    50  60  I$  ,  
    .        "  ",  
   (  80)  -      
"  "  31.     90,100,110 (.
     1).      
 ( 120).    130    
 50.         ,
  ,          (   
 )         .      
        .

                     3.6.2.6.  STR$  VAL

    STR$      
  (  ).  ,    =125,  
  STR$(X) -   "125".
    VAL                STR$.
     ,   -
. ,   VAL("125") -  125.

                        3.6.2.7.  MID$

     -  .  :

        MID$(A$,H,K)

   $ -  ,     ;
     -  ,      1  255
            (  $),  
           ;
     -  ,   , 
          ,    $
        ( ).
           $.  
            $,  
    ,    ,  
 $.
   :
            10 $=""
            20 ? MID$(A$,5,3)

     20   "",   5- , 
,    3- .   ( "")    
.
   MID$ -  ,         
.     :

        MID$(A$,H,K)=P$

            $  ,   
   ,    $. :

        10 $=""
        20 MID$(A$,4) = STRING$(3," ")
        30 ? A$

     $     20  
  "   " -   "",     4-
,    -  
STRING$(3," ") .

              3.6.3. ,  

             
        ,
      .         
    DEF     -
  -                 
    .
     :

        DEF FN<>()=<>

   <> -    ;
    -   ,  ;
   <> -    ,   <> -  
                   .

      ,          
,      DEF,     ,
  .
       :

        Y=FN<>()

   <> -  ,    DEF;
    -  ,    
                  .
                  
            .
   :

        10 DEF FNG(X,Y)=SQR(X*X+Y*Y)
        20 INPUT A,B
        30 G1=FNG(A,B)
        40 G2=FNG(2*A,2*B)
        50 G3=FNG(3*A,3*B)
        60 ? G1;G2;G3

     10  ()  FNG(X,Y).   
30,40  50          .
   G1,  G2    G3    
(     ):

        G1=SQR(A*A+B*B),
        G2=SQR((2*A)*(2*A)+(2*B)*(2*B)),
        G3=SQR((3*A)*(3*A)+(3*B)*(3*B)).

                3.7.    

            16-  
.  ,     27     
0000000000011011.
            8- 
 (2 ),    16- . 
               
 .
             ().        
     ,        -    
  &O0   &O177776  (        
 ).
               -  
.

                         3.7.1.  

     ,        
 .    ,     1.
             
( )   .

                         3.7.2.   OUT

     OUT  A,M,K             "1"
  ,    .  
,    ,      ,  
 ( =0),    "1" (    0).
   :

        145 OUT &O7010,&B1111,0%

          OUT  4   
,    &7010.

                         3.7.3.  

     () -  ,    .
   :

        10  X1=12
        20  Y1=12
        30  X=X1
        40  Y=Y1
        50  ? AT(X1,Y1);" "
        60  ? AT(X,Y);"$"
        70  X1=X
        80  Y1=Y
        90  K=PEEK(&O177662)
        100 IF K=&10 THEN X=X-1
        110 IF K=&O31 THEN X=X+1
        120 IF K=&O32 THEN Y=Y-1
        130 IF K=&O33 THEN Y=Y+1
        140 FOR I=1 TO 200 '   
        150 NEXT I         ' 
        160 GOTO 50

     &177662     .  
90            (     (&177662)  )
  .           
    "$" ( 100 - 130).

                         3.7.4.   INP

          INP(A,M) -  ,   
   ,      
    ,      
,      .        
 .

                3.8.    

     -    ,    
  (  ),  ,     ,  
        ,  
     .            
,        :
   1.      .
   2.    .
   3.   ,    ,
      ,   ( ), ,
        .
       ""     
  .

   1.            .    
""        -      ,   
 ,  .
        .            
: "     ,        
     ".     :  "   
 ,    ".
             ,   
:
   ) ,       ;
   )      ;
   )            ,      
  "%" (, %=5%, V%(I%)=C%, FOR I%=1% TO 100%,
  ) -         4 
,     .    ,
   "%"      1    -  ,    
        ,        
    (  );
   )      -    
  IF  FOR.      ;  
   -      :

        THEN - TH
        ELSE - EL
        STEP - ST

             ,
          ,      -
    ( "").    
    16  28       
.         
 40000  77777.        ""      
  16  4 -      
    4    .        ""   
        "2"      ""     
PRINT CHR$(140).
                    
(  ).    ,  ,     
    .       200 
   ,     ""  
  ( 10-40).   100-160     
 -            ""    (  
    AT     PRINT),     
      (,      
 ""  "",    ).

        10  ? CHR$(140)CHR$(140)
        20  FOR I%=0 TO 199
        30    POKE &O40000+2*I%, RND(1)*99+1
        40  NEXT I%
        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
        100 FOR K%=0 TO 199
        110   ? AT(X,Y)PEEK(&O40000+2*K%)
        120   Y=Y+1
        130   IF Y<23 THEN 160
        140   X=X+3
        150   Y=0
        160 NEXT K%

          
   ,      
            
 .     ,   ,   
 ,    32   (,  
,     ""    ,  
 512  ).
            
:

   10 INPUT "  (18-23)";N
   20 ? CHR$(140)CHR$(140)
   30 FOR I%=0 TO 149 '  150     
   40   POKE &O42000+N*640+2*I%, RND(1)*99+1
   50 NEXT I%
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
   160 FOR I%=0 TO 149  '     
   170   ? AT(X,Y)PEEK(&O42000+N*640+2*I%)
   180   Y=Y+1
   190   IF Y<18 THEN 220
   200   X=X+3
   210   Y=0
   220 NEXT I%

      10           ,
  (   640 ).
     20        "",  
  ,        
 42000.          
"" .
   ,               
  .

   2.            
    .          .
  /  - ,    ,  
         ,  
 ,  - .
           
      ,    ,  
,   ""   .
       7            
 (         )  
 ,     .

                      7 .   
----------------T-------T--------------------------T-------T-------
               , ,                  , ,
                               
+---------------+-------+-------++------------------+-------+-------+
 P=22+33          950   52    P%=22%+11%           82    36  
 P=22-33          950   52    P%=22%-33%           82    36  
 P=2*3           7360   52    P%=2%*3%            328    36  
 P=A*B           7360   52    P%=A%*B%            328    36  
 P=8/2           9631   52    P%=8%/2%           7032    42  
 P=2^3          94837   52    P%=2%^3%           4788    40  
 P=TAN(3.14)   190166   44    P=SIN(3.14)       90897    44  
 P=SQR(3)       28200   42    P=SQR(3%)         28200    38  
 P=A              600   36    P%=A%                55    28  
 V(1)=10          574  140    V%(1%)=10           274    64  
 POKE 16384%,1%    55   26    PEEK(16384%)         55    26  
 PSET (10%,10%)   629   28    PSET (10%,10%),1%  1368    40  
 COLOR 1%         739   16    P=RND(1)            684    42  
L---------------+-------+--------L------------------+-------+--------

        ,  ,  
 7   " "    ,    
          ( 10
).   " " :
   ) ,      (    ),   
 .       ;
   )          
; : A^2  A*A , C^3  C*C*C;
   )        PRINT.   
  PRINT          ;   :
? AT(1%,9%)"V="V%" Z="Z" Y="Y ;
   )      POKE - PEEK,  
    ;
   )            
 (    !),     
      Y=f(X). :

      10 DIM V(90%)
      20 FOR I%=0% TO  90%    '   0  90 
      30 V(I%)=SIN(I%/57.3)   '  .  
      40 NEXT I%

         I%= 0  90 .    
    100  .     
   .

   3.        ,    
          .  
        ,    
  .
         .   

   10 ? CHR$(148%)CHR$(158%)CHR$(140%)CHR$(140%)CHR$(145%)

        .    ()

   10 REM  
   20 X%=PEEK(&O177664)
   30 FOR I%=X% TO 255%+X%
   40 POKE &O177664,I%
   50 A=4/2 ' 
   60 NEXT I%

           30:

   30 FOR I%=X%+255% TO X% ST -1%

        .     

   10 FOR I%=0% TO 1000%
   20 POKE &O177716,0%
   30 POKE &O177716,64%
   40 X=2*2 ' 
   50 NEXT I%

    1000%    ,     ,  
   -  .


        .   

        (  )      
      [6]   [12].     
       , 
        -.  ,
 ,    &O160  0,  &O20, &O60, &O120  
      S0 (.10):

   10 POKE &O177706,32767%        '   S0
   20 POKE &O177712,&O160         ' 
   30 ? AT(0,0)PEEK(&O177710)     ',   
   40 GOTO 30

         
  S0 -+
      
      
      
      
      
                                                          
    0 L--------------T--------------T--------------T--------
                     T             2*T            3*T      c

                 .10.   .
        .  
              PEEK(&O177710)   
   S0  0 (.10).
       S0=32767   =89,657  [6].

         .   

         :

   P%=PEEK(&O177662)

            
:
     10 POKE &O177660,&O100   '   
     20 IF INP(&O177660,&O200)=0 THEN 20 '  , 
     30 ? PEEK(&O177662)      '    
     40 GOTO 20

         .     .

     10 ? CHR$(140)CHR$(140)
     20 POKE &O160,&O40000
     30 ? ""

           ,        
.        ( )
 ,     (2 - 4)  . , 
     INPUT   IN.   
LIST     .    
                .   
   ,     
.

        AU(TO)                DI(M)                 PA(INT)
        BE(EP)                DR(AW)                PO(KE)
        BL(OAD)               FO(R)                 PRI(NT)
        BS(AVE)               GOS(UB)               PS(ET)
        CI(RCLE)              IN(PUT)               REA(D)
        CLE(AR)               KE(Y)                 REN(UM)
        COL(OR)               LIN(E)                RES(TORE)
        CS(AVE)               MO(NIT)               RET(URN)
        DA(TA)                NEX(T)                ST(OP)
        DEL(ETE)              OU(T)

      ,          
           ,    
  . ,  
        145 FOR X=1 TO 25
 
        145FORX=1 TO 25
      LIST               ,
               
(  ,     ).

                3.9.     

      ()     
     .

    1:

     5   REM  
     10  CLS
     15  ? "  ,      0  100"
     20  X%=RND(1)*100%'    
     30  IF INKEY$="" THEN 20
     40  N%=0%      '  
     50  INPUT ",    "; A%
     55  N%=N%+1%
     60  IF A%=X% THEN 90
     70  IF A%>X% THEN ?" !" ELSE ?" !"
     80  GOTO 50
     90  IF N%<7% THEN ?"   !"
     100 IF N%=7% THEN ?".  !"
     110 IF N%>7% THEN ?"    !"

      "   "            ,
"" .
        RANDOMIZE,     
  (      RND     
"" ).           
              -
, ,      15-30.

    2:

     10  REM 
     20  CLS
     30  DIM A%(6,6)
     40  INPUT " 1- ";L$
     50  INPUT " 2- ";R$
     60  R%=RND(-LEN(L$+R$)) 'RANDOMIZE
     70  CLS
     80  FOR Y=1 TO 6
     90    ? AT(0,2*Y);Y
     100   FOR X=1 TO 6
     110     A%(X,Y)=RND(1)*99+1
     120     S%=S%+A%(X,Y)
     130     ? AT(4*X-1,2*Y);A%(X,Y)
     140   NEXT X
     150 NEXT Y
     160 ? AT(0,0);"    1   2   3   4   5   6"
     170 DRAW "BM20,145 U133 R205"
     180 N=0
     190 Y=1
     200 ? AT(0,16);L$;",         "
     210 INPUT X
     220 IF X<1 OR X>6 THEN 200
     230 IF N=0 THEN 250
     240 ? AT(4*X1,2*Y);"--"
     250 Y1=Y
     260 L%=L%+A%(X,Y) ' 1- 
     270 A%(X,Y)=0
     280 ? AT(4*X,2*Y);CHR$(173);CHR$(179)
     290 ? AT(0,16);R$;",          "
     300 INPUT Y
     310 IF Y<1 OR Y>6 THEN 290
     320 ? AT(4*X,2*Y1);"--"
     330 X1=X
     340 R%=R%+A%(X,Y) ' 2- 
     350 A%(X,Y)=0
     360 ? AT(4*X,2*Y);CHR$(177);CHR$(190)
     370 N=1
     380 ? AT(0,20);": ";L%;"      : ";R%
     390 IF L%+R%=S% THEN END  ELSE 200

    -     .       
  6    (      ).
    6  (       
  ).         -  
    -  ,  ,       
       () .     
,    ,    - ,  ,
            .
   ()         
 .     .

    3:

     10  REM  
     20  CLS
     30  DIM S(3),X(3)
     40  S(1)=&O30002
     50  S(2)=&O30036
     60  S(3)=&O30056
     70  FOR I=&O30002 TO &O30016 STEP 2
     80    POKE I,(I-&O30000)/2
     90  NEXT I
     100 POKE &O30036,7
     110 POKE &O30056,7
     120 X(1)=50
     130 X(2)=130
     140 X(3)=210
     150 P=0
     160 INPUT "  (2-6)";N
     170 CLS
     180 FOR K=1 TO N ' 
     190   LINE (50-5*K,96+4*K)-(50+5*K,96+4*K)
     200 NEXT K
     210 LINE (10,124)-(250,124)
     220 FOR J=1 TO 3 ' 3 
     230   LINE (X(J),97)-(X(J),124)
     240 NEXT J
     250 ? AT(1,17);","
     260 INPUT FROM,TO
     270 IF FROM=TO THEN 400 '  
     280 X1=PEEK(S(FROM))
     290 X2=PEEK(S(TO))
     300 IF X1=>X2 THEN 250
     310 S(TO)=S(TO)-2
     320 POKE S(TO),X1
     330 S(FROM)=S(FROM)+2
     340 Y=96+4*X1
     350 LINE (X(FROM)-5*X1,Y)-(X(FROM)+5*X1,Y),0 ' 
     360 LINE (X(FROM),97)-(X(FROM),124)
     370 LINE (X(TO)-5*X1,Y)-(X(TO)+5*X1,Y) ' 
     380 P=P+1
     390 GOTO 250
     400 ? " ";P
     410 END

     -   .    .
  3    - ,    .  
   .          
 ,          ,  
  .        
.         ,  
 .      .

    4:

      10  CLS
      20  O=0
      30  DIM A$(30),B$(20),C$(20)
      40  DATA ,,,,,,,,,
      50  DATA ,,,,,,,,,
      60  DATA ,,,,,,,,,
      80  INPUT " (1-20)";N
      90  FOR I=1 TO 30
      100   READ A$(I)
      110 NEXT I
      120 FOR K=1 TO N
      130   P%=RND(3)*31+1
      140   B$(K)=A$(P%)
      150   ? B$(K)
      160 NEXT K
      170 FOR P=1 TO 1500
      180 NEXT P
      190 CLS
      200 ? "   "
      210 FOR J=1 TO N
      220   INPUT C$(J)
      230   IF C$(J)<>B$(J) THEN O=O+1
      240 NEXT J
      250 IF O=0 THEN ? "    "
                 ELSE ? "  :";O
      260 END

        (     
).        ,     
         .    
 .

    5:

10  CLS
20  COLOR 3,0
30  FOR I=1 TO 3 ' 
40    GOSUB 360
50    PSET (XR%,YR%),1
60    DRAW "C1 R47 D1 L47 D1 R47 D1 L47 D1 R47 D1 L47 D1 R47 D1 L47 D1
            R47 D1 L47"
70  NEXT I
80  N=0
90  O=0
100 GOSUB 360
110 LINE (XR%+3,YR%+4)-(XR%+4,YR%+5),2,B ' 
120 IF N=1 THEN 160
130 GOSUB 360
140 X%=XR%
150 Y%=YR%
160 PSET (X%,Y%),2
170 DRAW "C2 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7"
180 IF N=0 THEN 210
190 PSET (X1%,Y1%),0
200 DRAW "C0 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7 D1 R7 D1 L7"
210 N=1
220 X1%=X%
230 Y1%=Y%
240 K=PEEK(&O177662)
250 IF K=8 THEN X%=X%-8
260 IF K=25 THEN X%=X%+8
270 IF K=26 THEN Y%=Y%-10
280 IF K=27 THEN Y%=Y%+10
290 IF K<>8 AND (K<25 OR K>27) THEN 240
300 IF POINT(X%,Y%)=1 THEN END
310 IF POINT(X%+3,Y%+4)<>2 THEN 160
320 LINE (X%+3,Y%+4)-(X%+4,Y%+5),0,B
330 O=O+1
340 ? AT(0,22);":";O
350 GOTO 100
360 XR%=RND(1)*200
370 YR%=RND(1)*200
380 XR%=XR%-XR%MOD8
390 YR%=YR%-YR%MOD10
400 IF POINT(XR%+3,YR%+4)<>4 THEN 360
410 RETURN

           "",  ""
 "". ,     ,  
 "",   "".    
""  "".

                      3.10.   

            ,     
- ,     :

            

      -  ;
    -  ,  .
         :
    1   -       FOR,  ,
            FOR,     ,
            NEXT.
    2   -  :   ,
             (,  
           ).
    3   -  RETURN     GOSUB.
    4   -    READ ,  
           DATA .
    5   -    ( )  
            .   
           DRAW.
    6   -       
           ,     .
    7   -  :       
          (   ).
    8   -      
          .
    9   -     .
    10  -    .
    11  -         .
    12  -     .
    13  -    . , 
              .
    14  -       .
    15  -      255 .
    17  -    .
    18  -     DEF.
    19  -   /.
    24  -     (  ).


              4.     

          4.1.      

          ?    
       ,  , -
,       .    
. -,     ;  
          ,
     .    , 
      .
       :    
,       . 
 ,      
.                 
        .        -      
 (,    FORTRAN,  PASCAL   ..)      
.   ,        
,         
(              ).     
  -    .
    ,                 
,      .    ?
,            ,   
     .        
    .       "" 52
 (. . 7),       6 .
   ,       -         .    
    ,           
.          
.         
 -   ,   ,   ,
        ().
       (.,   .,  .,  .)  
       
       -  .      ,  
   ,      ,  
           .    
   ,     
  ,         .   
  ,      ,  
()      -       .
   ,    
 -      .
     -      
    MIRAGE  .  (.  ).    
        .  MIRAGE  
,       ,    
().         
            ,         
           .
      - ,  MIRAGE  
        . 
   ,      
  ,           (  )
        .    
           .    
              ,  
            
.    MIRAGE      -
      ,          
      ..
      ,              
,       .  
         -  (..2.5),      
,        .        
              
    .      .
            ,  
       (..5.1,  5.2)       
      ,      
.           ,
 ,   ,       ,  
           
  .
                  "   
",     1990          
.          .   "
 ",      ,    
     ,     
  .

                  4.2.     

     ,       
    () ,     
    (    ).  ,
      .  , 
       ,  
      (,  ,  PASCAL)  
      ).
    ,      , 
  .  ,           
,    -   .
      16  -   ,        
           16
 2   = 65536  .   ,  
            (15-  )
  (0 -  ,  1 -  ), 
       -32768  +32767.   
     ,     6.
         ,    
,      .  ,    
 32767,   -32768.
    ,       ,   (.
                                                                   8
 1).     - 8 ,    2  =
256  .      ,    
      ,     .
          
   .
       ,              
          - 8 ,       
   ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange).

                4.3.    

     -    .    
     .  ,   
  -  ,     
.    -   
(     ),            
.

 ------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         
                                                                  
                      15  ...    7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0    
                      ---------T---T---T---T---T---T---T---T---  
                            P        T  N  Z  V  C   
                      L--------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----  
                      -----------------------------------------  
           :    R0                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R1                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R2                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R3                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R4                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R5                                           
                      ========================================  
                   R6          SP                               
                      ========================================  
                   R7          PC                               
                      L-----------------------------------------  
 L------------------------------------------------------------------
         .11.    18011

   ,     18011  (.11)    8
   ()     
().    16-.
      R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5  
      .    
          ,  
      .           
        .
    R6        "SP"  (Stack   Pointer   -
  )               
,      .        
 .
    R7  "PC" (Program  Counter  -    )
        ,    
.      ,    
,    .
             (
  ).         ,   
 ,        
  (  ) -       
 ,  .
   ,       7000 (  
      ).  , 
 ,  ,  , 
  7000.      :          7000  
      -      .
,    7000    60001.
          R0  
R1.    ()   R1.  
               
  2 (  7002).         
      7002,   .
            PC  
,        
.
       ,            
    ?   ,      
                
     ( ,   
  ),           
(, MIRAGE).   ,   PC 
  ( ,       ,
..  ,      ),    
  .
      ,          
      .       
 PSW (Processor Status Word -    ).  
PSW     ():
    0 (C)     1,           
      ;
    1 (V)   1,      
 (, )   ;
    2 (Z)   1,    ;
    3 (N)   1,   .  
PSW      .      PSW
      :
    4 (),    1,     
        14.      -
   ;
    7 (P),    1,   ()  
   (,  ).    ,  
 PSW  MTPS #200        
 ,      MTPS #0.

                  4.4.    

    18011 "" 64  .     ,
 ,     .    -
,           
   -   (-60, , ).
     18011       4  :
   ,    ,    
   .
             -
    ,      .
                  
           
(),     .
    ,    ,   
    2-  ().  , 
 2-           
  ,   .
      ,       
     (   ).   
,              -
       .   .12
,      16-            
 .

             0 101 000 110 001 111   -  .
           L-- L-- L-- L-- L-- L--
            0   5   0   6   1   7    -  .

         .12.      

     050617               
16-   0101000110001111  .  
     ()      (
 3 ).  ,     16-      
    "".           
    .      
16-         6-    .
,           6-
      ,    16- - ,   
,      ,    
,    .

                  4.4.1.   

           4  
  .   2      
    ,   
 .
   ,  005004   R4.    4 
  "0050"          ,  
   .   2  "04" -
,     R4.  , 
       ,   
         .
   (  ) ,   
       -
,     .
      8      ,   
 ,   .
        ,      -
         .    
        ,      
 -     .

                 8.     R0-R6
  --------------T-----T----------------------------T--------------
                               
                                            
  =============+=====+============================+==============
      0          CLR R1      
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
    -    1            CLR (R1)    
                               CLR @R1     
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
   -    2      -  CLR (R2)+   
              .                 
                                        
                       -               
                       2 (                  
                     )    1 (                  
                      )                         
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
    -    3            CLR @(R2)+  
   -         . -                  
                                  
                                        
                        2                
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
   -    4     -   CLR -(R2)   
                2 (                   
                       )   1(               
                       )  -              
                                        
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
    -    5     -   CLR @-(R1)  
   -          2                 
                 .               
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
        6     -    CLR 2(R5)   
                       , -  CLR MT(R0)  
                       ,  -               
                                       
                                       
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
    -    7     -  CLR @22(R1) 
              ,               
                                       
                        -              
                                       
  L-------------+-----+----------------------------+---------------

     005004,  ,    ,
  R4.
           ,    
  ( 9).


                    9.     
  --------------T-----T----------------------------T--------------
                               
                                            
  =============+=====+============================+==============
   -     2      ,   MOV #21,R3   
                      MOV #IN,R0   
                      .                             
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
       3         CLR @#7000   
                    ,    JMP @#BEN    
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
   -   6       JMP TV       
                   ,       CLR 5554     
                       ,  -                
                                     
                       .                      
  +-------------+-----+----------------------------+--------------+
    -    7       CLR @MET     
   -        ,       INC @15342   
                  ,                 
                                          
                      .                         
  L-------------+-----+----------------------------+---------------

                    4.4.2.  

       .   , 
     ,   :
                0050DD
               
       ( -  
),                 -
    2-    "DD". 
    ,        "DD",  
    (.13).

                             0 0 5 0 D D
                             L--T--- LT-
                           

                .13.   

   ,     ,        
.            .   
 ,      ,  
      PC  -     (   
,    .
     10    .
     .     
  ,    .        
        "*".       ,      
    ,       
"1",    - "0".        
     ,      
 .
      ,     , 
  ()  -        
    ,      
 .  ,       
-  (  )    : CLR  (
  Clear - ).
   ,        ( ),
   ,        
,       "". , ,
    ,  : CLRB (
 Clear Byte -   ).
    ,      ,    ,  
      "B".

                     10.   
      -----------T----------T---------------------------------
                                 
                                             
      ==========+==========+=================================
        *050DD    CLR(B)   Clear -                 
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *051DD    COM(B)   Complement -       
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *052DD    INC(B)   Increment -            
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *053DD    DEC(B)   Decrement -            
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *054DD    NEG(B)   Negate -            
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *055DD    ADC(B)   Add Carry -    
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *056DD    SBC(B)   Subtract Carry -  
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *057DD    TST(B)   Test - ,    
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *060DD    ROR(B)   Rotate Right -  - 
                                                 
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *061DD    ROL(B)   Rotate Left -  -  
                                                  
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *062DD    ASR(B)   Arithmetic Shift Right -        
                                
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *063DD    ASL(B)   Arithmetic Shift Left -         
                                 
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        0003DD    SWAB     Swap Bytes -    
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        1064DD    MTPS     Move To PSW( Processor Status   
                           Word) -            
                             )          
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        1067DD    MFPS     Move From PSW -  PSW   
      L----------+----------+----------------------------------

         ( 
    ,     
  ,        
 "*"    "0").
     (CLR)    -   
 .
                     0051DD. : COM
        ()    -  
     ,    - .
       ("").
   :
        005121                        COM (R1)+

          ,     
 R1,     R1   2.
                        
  .

                     0052DD. : INC
       1. :

        005237                        INC @#10000
        010000

    005237     1     
10000 -  1  ,    2-   
10000  10001.     "37"    , 
                 (
).
     10000         005237
(  ).    ,     
 (,    7000)       005237
( ),  (  7002)   10000.

                     0053DD. : DEC
       1. :

        005312                        DEC (R2)

     1 ,      R2.

                     0054DD. : NEG
     . :

        005412                        NEG @R2

     ,   ,   R2.
   ,   ,  .
                  
    (  ,  ,  
  ,     ).   
              :
  ()       1
(   ).
        :
                01001011 -    ()
                10110101 -    

    ,        "(R2)" 
"@R2" .
                     0055DD. : ADC
          PSW.

                     0056DD. : SBC
           PSW.

                     0057DD. : TST
             ()  
    "1" (   "0")  Z    N  PSW,  
  V    C      "0".    
,    N PSW   "1",      
"0".      ,    Z   "1",
   "0".       .

                     0060DD. : ROR
            
  (.14).    15-        14-
,  14-  -  13-    .
        PSW      15-  ,  
  ()   -      PSW.

         PSW       15                     0
              ----      --T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-
       ------  +-----                +----
             L----      L-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--    
       L-------------------------------------------------------
                   .14.   

                     0061DD. : ROL
      ,    ,   
     PSW      ,
  15-   -    PSW.

                     0062DD. : ASR
      .      
       .   
      PSW.   14-  15-  
  15-   (.15).

               15                     0      PSW
              --T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-    ----
                              +--->  
              L-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--    L----
                 .15.   

                     0063DD. : ASL
           
    .     ,   
15-       PSW (.16).

      PSW      15                     0
           ----     --T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-    ----
             <----+                <---+ 0 
           L----     L-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+--    L----
                  .16.   
            2,  
   -    2.

                     0003DD. : SWAB
          ().

                     1064DD. : MTPS
            
(PSW),   . :

        106427                        MTPS #200
        000200

           PSW,   200.
 ,    1     "P"    PSW,  
        ,
     MTPS #0.

                     1067DD. : MFPS
       PSW    ,      
. :

        106702                        MFPS R2

     PSW   R2.

                    4.4.3.  

     ,   ,   2
  .     , 
     "SS",      1-
            .
   ,        
"DD",     2-    
    (.17).      
  ,    -  .
  "SS"  "DD"  ,      "DD"  
  .
      ,  , 
  11.
                     01SSDD. : MOV
        ,      
    "SS",     ,   
 "DD".     ,   
 ,   .      MOVB 
    (  )
          "1",
   ( )     "1",
      "0".  :
        010204                        MOV R2,R4
       R2  ()  
R4.   R2    .    :

                            
        012737                  MOV #177777,@#70000
        177777
        070000

                        0 1 S S D D
                        LT- LT- LT-
                ----------      L-------------
                               
                              
                                     

                .17.   

                             11.  
      -----------T----------T---------------------------------
                                 
                                             
      ==========+==========+=================================
        *1SSDD    MOV(B)   Move -                 
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *2SSDD    CMP(B)   Compare -               
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *3SSDD    BIT(B)   Bit Test -       
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *4SSDD    BIC(B)   Bit Clear -         
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        *5SSDD    BIS(B)   Bit Set -         
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        06SSDD    ADD      Add -                    
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        16SSDD    SUB      Subtract -               
      +----------+----------+---------------------------------+
        074RDD    XOR        XOR (- 
                            )   R    
                            DD                   
      L----------+----------+----------------------------------

       3  .   1-    
      -    012737.   2-   
 (  177777 ),    ,     3-
    70000,    177777.
     "27"   ,     
,  ,    ( 177777)  
     .    "37",     
   ,     
       -       
               177777,  
    (  70000)        
 177777.
                     02SSDD. : CMP
          . 
           .   
  C,V,Z,N PSW.
    N      "1",          -
 .   Z   "1",   -
  ( ).  V   "1",  
   -        
,              .
   ,        
.  :
             020103                        CMP R1,R3
    020103          R1  
  R3.

                     03SSDD. : BIT
                  
           
  .  ,    12-    
        12-   
  12-   .    12 ,
       ( "")  
  -     
.
              
  .       V,Z,N  PSW.
  N      "1",        
    2-       ,   
()     "1".  Z  
"1",          ,  
    "0".  V PSW   "0".
               ()
    .  :

            
       032737   BIT #100,@#177716 ;   ?
       000100
       177716
       0014..   BEQ MET           ;    

                                     12.  
----------------------------------------------------T---T---T---T---
                    0  0  1  1 
+---------------------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
                    0  1  0  1 
===================================================+===+===+===+===
    ( "")     0  0  0  1 
+---------------------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
    ( "")    0  1  1  1 
+---------------------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+
   " " (XOR)         0  1  1  0 
L---------------------------------------------------+---+---+---+----

                     04SSDD. : BIC
           "0" ()  
,        "1"    
.                
.             
.                  
  :  ()
 ;    ("")   
;     .  :

        1111111100000000 <----    
        1010011110001010 <----    
                                 
        0000000010001010 <----    
                                  

                     05SSDD. : BIS
        "1"     ,
      "1"      .
      .  
       .   
           ("")   
    (. . 12).  :

        1111111100000000 <----    
        1010011110001010 <----    
                                  
        1111111110001010 <----    
                                 

        BIC    BIS      V,Z,N  PSW
            ,    
  BIT.

                     06SSDD. : ADD
                  .
      . 
     .   Z  N PSW
  ,     .  V PSW 
 "1",         
,    ,            ,  
        .      
      ,        
   ,     .  
PSW      "1",          
.  :

        060204                        ADD R2,R4

      2- : R2  R4. 
    R4.

                     16SSDD. : SUB
           .
     .   
C,Z,N  PSW      ,           .
       ,
    ,          
  .  :

                
        20000:  166767          SUB  VR1,S
        20002:  000004
        20004:  000006
        20006:  000207          RTS  PC
        20010:  000056    VR1:  .#56
        20012:  000012    VR2:  .#12
        20014:  000010      S:  .#10

               
( )    .
        SUB,   
20000,          VR1    
 S.          S.  
   20002            
 (  VR1),     20004 -  
    (  S).
              
,     20002,    . 
       
    20004  -      

         +  = 4 + 20004 = 20010 .

       :

         +  = 6 + 20006 = 20014 .

                  4.4.4.   

                      4.4.4.1.  

            ( 
JMP)   ,    18.

          15                     8   7                    0
         --------------------------T-----------------------
                                      
         L-------------------------+------------------------
                   .18.   

    JMP  SOB         
 .
     ()    
 ( PC)   ,     
 .            
       , 
:
                          =  + 2 + 2 * 

      - ,      
             ( );
      - ,     ;
      - ,     .
      ( 7   )  
  "1" (  )   "0"  (  
).            
   ,         
 -128  +127.
                      000400. : BR
        BR   
GOTO          .      GOTO  
      ,   BR-
     (  ),      
      .      BR  
     -   
    .
     BR  000400       ,    
 0.  ,   ,    13, 
  0 (  JMP).     
                                         13.  
  -----------T----------T-----------------------------------------
                                     
                                                 
  ==========+==========+=========================================
    000400      BR     Branch -                         
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    001000     BNE     Branch if Not Equal - ,      
                                                        
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    001400     BEQ     Branch if Equal - ,     
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    100000     BPL     Branch if Plus - ,       
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    100400     BMI     Branch if Minus - ,     
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    102000     BVC     Branch if V is Clear - ,     
                        V PSW  (  "0")     
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    102400     BVS     Branch if V is Set - ,       
                        V PSW   "1"           
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    002000     BGE     Branch if Greater or Equal - ,   
                                             
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    002400     BLT     Branch if Less Then - ,      
                                                      
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    003000     BGT     Branch if Greater Then - ,   
                                                      
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    003400     BLE     Branch if Less or Equal - ,      
                                             
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    101000     BHI     Branch if Higher - ,     
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    101400     BLOS    Branch if Lower or Same - ,      
                                           
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    103000   BHIS(BCC) Branch if Higher or Same - ,     
                            (  C PSW 
                        0)                                
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    103400   BLO(BCS)  Branch if Lower - ,      
                       (  C PSW  1)                 
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    077R00      SOB    Subtract One and Branch, if not equal - 
                        1   ,   0  
  +----------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
    0001DD      JMP    Jump -  ()               
  L----------+----------+------------------------------------------

  ,     13,   ,
  
                          CM = ( -  - 2) / 2 .

  :
                          
        7000:        000401                BR   TT
        7002:        005001                CLR  R1
        7004:        010102           TT:  MOV  R1,R2

            7004.
   :
                   =(--2)/2=(7004-7000-2)/2=1 .
             ,
  ,    MOV R1,R2.  BR
TT      ,   ("") 
T.         ":".
     ,     - -
  (     ):

                       
        35004:        005001    V0:      CLR R1
         ...           ...                ...
        35036:        000762             BR  V0

    000762     35004.
      :
        =(--2)/2=(35004-35036-2)/2=-34/2.
     -  ,       
    .     
:  PRINT OCT$(-&O34/2) .       
177762.         , 
     :  177762-177400=362.  
     000762 (   000400  
362).
                     001000. : BNE
     BNE  ,   Z PSW   "0".
:

                     
        1000:  020104                 CMP R1,R4
        1002:  001001                 BNE MET
        1004:  010102                 MOV R1,R2
        1006:  010103          MET:   MOV R1,R3

             R1 
  R4.         Z  PSW
    "1"  (      R1   R4 ) 
  "0" (    ).   
      (    Z  PSW   "0"),   
 001001    ,   4- 
010103,    3-  010102.     (  Z
PSW   "1")         
 -  4     .

                     001400. : BEQ
    BEQ        BNE.  
   ,   Z PSW   "1".

                     100000. : BPL
     BPL  ,   N PSW   "0".
:

                      
        1000:  005710                   TST (R0)
        1002:  100002                   BPL PL
        1004:  005210                   INC (R0)
        1006:  004001                   BR  MIN
        1010:  005310           PL:     DEC (R0)
        1012:  011002           MIN:    MOV (R0),R2

    005710 (TST)  ()   ,
    R0.    100002    ,
      (TST)  N PSW  
 "0" ( ,       0).

                     100400. : BMI
            BPL.   
BMI  ,      BMI  N
PSW   "1".

                     102000. : BVC
       ,    V  PSW    
"0".
                     102400. : BVS
       ,    V PSW  
"1".
                     002000. : BGE
    :

                   
        5000:  010103               MOV  R1,R3
        5002:  020102               CMP  R1,R2
        5004:  002001               BGE  M1
        5006:  010203               MOV  R2,R3
        5010:   ...          M1:    ...

    020102  (C)     R1  R2.  
 002001 (BGE)  ,      R1
     R2.   ,  
           R3      
     R1  R2.

                     002400. : BLT
         BGE   BLT,
        BLT ,    R1 
    R2,               R3
 .

                     003000. : BGT
     BGT       ,  
 ,      .

                     003400. : BLE
      BLE      ,  
 ,         
.

    BGE,  BLT,  BGT  BLE     
  ,    .
    BHI,  BLOS,  BHIS   BLO,     13,  
        .   
           ,   
16-        0    65535.  
    .
        :

        BGE - BHIS
        BGT - BHI
        BLT - BLO
        BLE - BLOS

                     077R00. : SOB
     SOB    19.

            15                   9 8       6 5          0
           -----------------------T---------T------------
              ( 077 )       
           L----------------------+---------+-------------
                     .19.   SOB

        6          
     -       
           (    
).              ,   
  ,      ,    
 1   0.     077R00   "R" 
 ,    .   SOB  077R00
   ,       0.    
      ,      0,     077R00
   ,   

                         (  + 2 -  ) / 2

   -   SOB;
      -  .
            -
             
 .  ,  (1036+2-1034)/2=2;  (1056+2-1002)/2=27.
               ,
           -   
              .
,            077300    
   27,    ,  
 ,   077327.
   :

            
1000:  012700             MOV #1777,R0       ; 
1002:  001777                                ;( )
1004:  012701             MOV #400,R1        ; 
1006:  000400
1010:  012737         M3: MOV #100,@#177716  ; 
1012:  000100
1014:  177716
1016:  010102             MOV R1,R2
1020:  000240         M1: NOP
1022:  077202             SOB R2,M1
1024:  012737             MOV #0,@#177716    ; 
1026:  000000
1030:  177716
1032:  010102             MOV R1,R2
1034:  000240         M2: NOP
1036:  077202             SOB R2,M2
1040:  077015             SOB R0,M3

              
  (       ).      NOP,
   ,     (""
).         NOP         
  ,         
    .     :  MOV #100,@#177716 
MOV #0,@#177716   .       
    .     1004, 1016-
1022     1032-1036          ,
  .    MOV #1777,R0    SOB  R0,M3  
 .

                     0001DD. : JMP
    JMP    ,     BR.  
   BR   ,    JMP
      ( )   
.   "DD"       
(           ),   ,  
             
  JMP.     JMP   
  ,      
   .
   1:
                         000137             JMP @#7000
                         007000

               
 7000 -      7000.
    2:
                            
             5000:       000137             JMP @#
             5002:       007554
              ...         ...                ...
             7554:       005001       :  CLR R1
    3:
                            
             5000:       000167             JMP 
             5002:       002550
              ...         ...                ...
             7554:       005001       :  CLR R1

        . 
       ,        -
. , ,      5000 
7554      ,    JMP    
   ,    
 MET     JMP    .        
       7554,   
     .
           ,  MIRAGE    
             
,          
.         ,   
     ,    
  .

             4.4.4.2.     

     :
   JSR ( Jump to Subroutine -    ) 
   RTS ( Return from Subroutine -    ).

                     004RDD. : JSR
     JSR    GOSUB   
 .    JSR   ( , 
  JSR)   ,    
    004RDD    "R",     
         (    
  ).        R7 ( "7"),
     .
       "DD"     ,    
 JMP.        ,   
 JMP -   (  ),     
    (     )      ,  
  .

                     00020R. : RTS
     RTS    RETURN    
  .   RTS     ,
   JSR     .  
        00020R   
"R".       
  ,     ,   
(          ,        
  JSR).        R7 (
"7"),          JSR     
   . :

       :       
        4000:  004737      JSR PC,@#7500
        4002:  007500
        ...    ...          ...
        7500:  012700      MOV #14,R0
        7502:  000014
        7504:  104016      EMT 16
        7506:  000207      RTS PC

    JSR PC,@#7500    , -
   7500.      RTS
PC -       4004.


                     4.4.4.3.   

                                                14. 
----------------T-------------------------------------T--------------
                       
                                                        
+---------------+-------------------------------------+--------------+
        4                        
                  ;                    
                   "";                        
                  HALT                  
       10                         
       14         T- PSW            
                 BPT                                       
       20          IOT              
       24                          
       30        EMT                            
       34        TRAP                           
       60                                     
      100                   
      274           "2"    
      360                      
      364                    
L---------------+-------------------------------------+---------------

        -         
      - ,    .
,    " "   ,
  ,    ""      
.       .  
  ,       
          .
         ,    
 .     
    ( ),   
,                (
).       14.
         .   
,        .
       ,     
     -  .    ,  
   ,        
    .           
  ,        
  RTI (Return from Interrupt -      ).
  RTI - 000002.
    RTT (  000006)    RTI,      
   .
          ,         
   .   :
   EMT ( 104000-104377) -   ;
   TRAP ( 104400-104777) -     
(, , );
   IOT (  000004)  -   - (  
 );
   BPT ( 000003) -   .

                   4.4.4.3.1.  

           
().  ,  ,       
 .              1
  (  )          (
 177760;  . .. 1.5.1, 1.5.2).    
(  )     .        
(  ),         .
   .      
    P  .     ,  
  .
           PSW,  
   PC  ( ,   , 
            ).   
           (  
     60)      
  PC,       62    PSW
      .    62     200,  
  P    ,      
          ,     
 .
               
  177762     (    
          ).    
   ,           RTI
    .    RTI 
          PC    PSW,  
   .
    ,          (    
    P      PSW)           .
    ""  .
    1.      "". 
     (   ,   ,
   1000).

             
1000        012706       MOV   #1000,SP        ; ;
1002        001000                             ; 
1004        104014       EMT   14              ; ;
1006        012737       MOV   #1000,@#4       ;  
1010        001000                             ;""  
1012        000004                             ; 
1014         . . .      ; 

    2.       "2".  
,             
    ".",  ".",  ""    ..,    
    .

;                (  
;  )
        MOV        #TN,@#274       ;  
         . . .                     ;   "2";
;   -     "2"
TN:     TST        @#177762        ;  ;
        RTI                        ;  

    3.         .
      (,  )    
         (  
          ),        
     -          .
   ,      
    (,      )      
.                  
      ,     
"-" -      .      
      , 
      ;      
      "   " ,  
       (  )
  .    :

; 
        MOV        #100,@#177760   ; 
         . . .                     ; 
;       
        TST        @#177762        ;  ;
M:      TSTB       @#177760        ; 
        BPL        M               ;;
        MOVB       @#177762,R0     ;   
         . . .

          TSTB  @#177760    7-    
   ( ).   ,
  7-     ,    
 BPL ( BMI).

    4.     .

; 
        MOV        #TI,@#60        ;   
                                   ; ;
        MOV        #200,@#62       ;   
         . . .                     ;   
;      
TI:     MOVB        @#177762,R0    ;   ;
         . . .                     ; ,  ;
        RTI                        ;  


                  4.4.4.3.2.  

             -
   -     
 EMT.        , 
          -
 30.       ,  
   .    ,    EMT -
          
 .    (  EMT--
)       EMT    
     .    EMT- -
     (,    -
        ).
        EMT- :   EMT  
     ,    
   "JSR PC,"    .
        EMT-:

   EMT 4 -    ;
   EMT 6 -      (  -
    R0);
   EMT 10 -    .  :
            R1 -  ,   ;
            R2 -      ,
                 -   .
             R1
  1,       R2   
               .    
,      ,  
,     R2.  :

012701       MOV   #2000,R1 ;    2000;
002000                      ;.  = 100 ,
012702       MOV   #5100,R2 ;   
005100                      ; "" ( 12   );
104010       EMT   10       ; ;
005702       TST   R2       ;    ?
001404       BEQ   M
005301       DEC   R1       ;  12   
005202       INC   R2
112721   C:  MOVB  #40,(R1)+ ;   
000040                       ;
077203       SOB   R2,C
         M:  . . .

   EMT 12 -   1-10 ;
            : R0 -    1  10;
                  R1 -   ,   
 ;
   EMT 14 -      
;
   EMT 16 -  ; :    R0;
   EMT 20 -  ;
            : R1 -  ;
                  R2 -     ;
                       -   ;
   EMT 22 -     ;
            : R0 -   (0 -  );
                  R1 -     ;
   EMT 24 -     X = R1, Y = R2;
   EMT 26 -   :  R1 = X, R2 = Y;
   EMT 30 -     X = R1, Y = R2;
                  R0 = 1 -  , R0 = 0 - ;
   EMT 32 -   (   ,  
 EMT 30).

   :

;    
104014        EMT        14
;  32   
012700        MOV    #233,R0
000233
104016        EMT    16
;   ()    (0,0)
012700        MOV    #1,R0
000001
005001        CLR    R1
005002        CLR    R2
104030        EMT    30
;     (0,0)  (111,111)
012737        MOV    #125252,@#214    ;   
125252                                ;   
000214
012701        MOV    #111,R1
000111
010102        MOV    R1,R2
104032        EMT    32


   EMT 34 -   R0   ,     
              
(.15): 0 - , 1 - ;

                              15.   
    ----------------T--------------------------------------------
                               
    +---------------+--------------------------------------------+
           0         "32   "                
           1                                     
           2           (  )            
           3                                     
           4                               
           5                                    
           6         ""                             
           7                           
           8           ""             
           9           ""                     
          10           ""                   
          11         "32    "      
          12               
          13                    
          14                                     
          15                                     
    L---------------+---------------------------------------------

   EMT 36  -      ;    R1       
  (         320).  
     16.
       ,   ,   ()
     ,      .    
            
 264, 266.



     16.       
  --------T-------T-----------------------------------------------
                                           
                                                          
  +-------+-------+-----------------------------------------------+
     0     320   : 0 -  ,                  
                          1 -                              
                          2 -              
                          3 -               
                          4 -   ()         
     1     321     :                      
                          0 -                         
                          1 -                    
                          2 -            
                          3 -    ""        
     2     322       ()                   
     4     324       ()               
     6     326     (16. )                        
    22     346                 
    24     350                 
    26     352        (16. ) 
  L-------+-------+------------------------------------------------

    EMT    TRAP,    .
           
(,    .)    .  ,  
 TRAP          
           ,        -  
 .
        TRAP-   ,
                  
. ,        
EMT.         
        ""  (0,
1, 2  ..).          "EMT  16",
        ,    EMT-
  ,     16    
 7,  ,          ;   
          EMT-.   
            TRAP,
    ""  (), 
       ,      ,     
  ,   - - ,    
 .
        TRAP-,      
       .  
 ,    () 
 ,       -          
 PSW,   -   ,    
  .

   ;         TRAP
        MOV    #TRA,@#34
   ;       TRAP
        TRAP   101  ;  "" (   101)
        TRAP   60   ;  "0" ( 60)
         . . .
   ;      TRAP
   TRA: MOV    R0,-(SP)  ;   
        MOV    2(SP),R0  ;    , 
                           ;   TRAP
        MOV    -(R0),R0  ;  R0   - 
                           ;
        EMT    16        ;      
        MOV    (SP)+,R0  ; R0
        RTI              ;  

    :                  
  ,   :
        MOV    #101,R0
        EMT    16
            "TRAP  101".   
             
 .
    ,         10 -
 .      ,
   ,           
(      ).

                     4.4.5.  
                               17.  
  ---------------T----------T-------------------------------------
                            
                                              
  ==============+==========+=====================================
      000000       HALT    Halt -                       
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000001       WAIT    Wait -                         
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000005      RESET    Reset -                        
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000240       NOP     No OPeration -           
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000241       CLC     Clear C -   (  PSW ) 
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000242       CLV     Clear V -  V                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000244       CLZ     Clear Z -  Z                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000250       CLN     Clear N -  N                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000257       CCC     Clear Condition Code -  
                                                        
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000261       SEC     Set C -  C                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000262       SEV     Set V -  V                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000264       SEZ     Set Z -  Z                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000270       SEN     Set N -  N                
  +--------------+----------+-------------------------------------+
      000277       SCC     Set Condition Code-   
                                                        
  L--------------+----------+--------------------------------------

                 
  PSW.       17.

                 4.4.5.1.   

                     000000. : HALT
       4   "".

                     000001. : WAIT
           
      .   ,   
    (,  ), 
  ,       ,
   WAIT.

                    000005. : RESET
           ,
         ,      
 .

                     000240. : NOP
            
    .      
          ,  
       .

               4.4.5.2.    PSW

         "1"   ( 
"0")   PSW.
       4-  CLC,  CLV, CLZ, CLN  2 
"CL"   ,         
PSW.  3-     .  ,   CLZ
  Z PSW.      ,V,Z,N
PSW.
    2    "SE"        SEC,  SEV,  SEZ,  SEN
  ,        
 "1"   PSW,  3-  . 
SCC    "1"  ,V,Z,N PSW.

                       4.5.  

         .
        ,        
    .       
,            ,
        SP  (Stack  Pointer  - 
).
                    
  .        
  ,        -
.
            
  (  - ),      
  .            
  .
       ,      ,       SP
            
( ).  ,    ,   ,
 ,    2000,     
 -   1000.
     20            "MOV
R3,-(SP)".       MOV  SP  
1754,      R3        132.       
   2    R3 ( 132)  
 1752.
          SP -
     .

             -------T-----------       -------T----------
                       
                                               
             ======+===========       ======+==========
              1756    17              1756     17    
             +------+-----------+       +------+----------+
       SP --> 1754    23              1754     23    
             +------+-----------+       +------+----------+
              1752             SP --> 1752    132    
             +------+-----------+       +------+----------+
                                                     
                       )                        )
          . 20.   : )   ;
                                  )   

      21          .   
 "MOV (SP)+,R3"  SP    1752.    
  ,     SP,  132 
  R3,     SP   2.

             -------T----------        -------T----------
                       
             ======+==========        ======+==========
              1756    17              1756     17    
             +------+----------+        +------+----------+
              1754    23       SP --> 1754    23     
             +------+----------+        +------+----------+
       SP --> 1752   132              1752   132     
             +------+----------+        +------+----------+
                                                     
                       )                         )
         . 21.   : )   ;
                                   )  

                           4.6.  

     ()      40000  
  77777.    22    
   .
   ,           40000
,     -  77777.
    ,     -      
   ,           

=======T=======T=======T=======T=====         =====T=======T=======
 40000  40001  40002  40003        . . .        40076  40077 
-------+-------+-------+-------+--               --+-------+-------
 40100  40101  40102  40103        . . .        40176  40177 
-------+-------+-------+-------+--               --+-------+-------
                                                                   
              . . .                                       . . .
                                                                   
-------+-------+-------+-------+--               --+-------+-------
 77600  77601  77602  77603        . . .        77676  77677 
-------+-------+-------+-------+--               --+-------+-------
 77700  77701  77702  77703        . . .        77776  77777 
L=================================         ===================-
   . 22.      
                               .

 ,       .  ,
      ,     56036,  
,            23,   
     56036   10010011 ( 
223).       

                 MOVB #223,@#56036

     =======T=======T=======T=======
         <--   
     ---T---+---T---+---T---+---T---      
      -  -        -        -  <--   
     ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---     - 
      1  1  0  0  1  0  0  1  <--   
     ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  <--   
     L========================-
             . 23.     

      ( ),    
    ,            
.
             ,    
    -    -     
     ,     -  .
          ,    
 ""    2  .   
   11,  - 01,  - 10,   - 00.
      ,             
  8- "-"    4- "" .
   ,             256
  .            64 
.  ,       (  )
        40000  40077.
           40000    41777    
  .      X=0,
Y=0        42000.

                   5.  
                    

                         5.1.  MIRAGE

    MIRAGE  .  (.)  -    
,                 
   .         
 :
   MIRAGE26 -        26000       
    1000-25777;
   MIRAGE -            66000  
     (  37777).  
          
,          ,    
 .
          ,     
 OS0010F,  . (.)  
  (     MIRAGE      
      "").
   MIRAGE     :   .
           .  
            ,      ,   
        .   
   ""    ""    
      ,  ""  -         
.      .
   LOAD  -    ,   ;
   LOAD / -    ;
   SAVE // -    ;
   SAVE -        ,   
  ,          
SAVE;
   SET  -    ;
   DIR -     ;
   D  -           
 (    );
   D /B -    .
    : "" -    ,  "."  -
      .
   DR -       R0-R5,  SP,  PC
  PSW N,Z,V,C;
   S  -            ,
     ;
   S /B -    ;
   SR -      .
        ,      ""      "   ",
         
  ,     : 
   ()      
""  " ".  "." -       
  .            "S /B" 
  ,  .
   F //  -       
"";
   M // -    , 
   ,  ,    ;
   C //   -          
 :          ,  
   ;
   W //[/] -  ""      
.      "",          ,  
    ("")       ,  
  . :
   W 1000/2000/123 -           1000
 2000,     123;
   W 1000/2000/177600/177600  -            
   ,   ,   
   177600  177777.    ,  MIRAGE  
     (,     )   (
     ,     ).      
    .
   W //[/]/R  -        
  (  ,  ). ,
    :

     1000:        167        JMP        4000
     1002:        2774

          .   
  MIRAGE  "W 1000/1010/4000/R",   :

     001002:        004000

  ,     1002     
 4000.
   U / -      .
   G [][/]  -        ( 
   PC,    ""    )    
.   ""  ,    MIRAGE 
  HALT             
    "".
   T [] -          
(            PC).         
    R0-R5,  SP,  PC   
PSW N,Z,V,C,   ,    PC. "" -
  ,  "."    ""  -        
 .
   R  -     . MIRAGE  
        RTS PC.
   A [/] -        
  ;        
 ;
   ASM [/] -      
  ;        ,
   .
       MIRAGE    
(          ).   
   ,         
  .  ,     ,   
      ;        
  WORD  ()    .    
WORD         
    .
   MIRAGE      "JSR PC," 
"CALL  "   "RTS PC"  "RET";       
    "MOV #'A,R0",         
"MOV #101,R0".
             
       ;     
         ""    ,
     .      64
  ;           
 !
        :
   "" -     ;
   "/" -      (  "");
   "" -        ( ,    
ASM);
   "" -      NOP    (  
 ,     ,       
 NOP-,     .     
   );
   "" -    ;
   "" -    .
            MIRAGE.    
    .  MIRAGE26  
.     "F  1000/2000/0"      1000 
 2000      .    
     "ASM 1000"  :

     1000:        000000                HALT
     1002:        000000                HALT
     1004:         . . .

    - ,   ,  .  , ,
      ( ""  
 ):

     1000:        010100                MOV     R1,R0
     1002:        104016                EMT     16
     1004:        000775                BR      1000

   ,              "MOV
#101,R0".  ,         ,      
    ,         
 ""   .   :

     1000:        010100                MOV     R1,R0
     1002:        000240                NOP
     1004:        104016                EMT     16
     1006:        000775                BR      1002

          ,   "R1"  "#101" 
 "".   :

     1000:        010100  000101        MOV     #101,R0
     1004:        104016                EMT     16
     1006:        000775                BR      1002

    ,    "MOV #101,R0"          
""     "NOP".      ,
    "EMT 16".
         .    
  ,  ,     
,            .   
        
  .       
 .          
                  
 .      ,  
               
.       .
               
 .            
,  ,         
    .        
           ,    
       -        
,       .
        .   
"" -  MIRAGE26        .   
 "G 1000".     -      
""  (   - 101).      ,
 ""      .

                       5.2.   

          (,
3,    .),       
 .    ,       
 "- <V1.1 860702 ->".
                 
MIRAGE,                
.             -
 .      ,  ,
      ,       
:

1000        MOV        #101,R0         012700        25.300        
                                       000101        0.101        
1004        EMT        16              104016        210.16
1006        HALT                       000000        0.0

                   
   N,Z,V,C.
    :
    -     (  -);
    -    ;
   , () -      ;
   - () -      ;
   I -      ;
   "" -         ;
   nD -   n     ;
   nL -  n    ;
   P -         
 ,    ;
   R -   ;
   Rn -  ""   Rn;
    -    ;
   G -          ;   
     HALT    ,
    ;
    -    -  , 
    ;
   T -   ;
   [ -   ;
   Y -    (1   5 .);
   ] -    (1   .).
            ,     
,    PC.
    -    ;
    -    .

                        5.3.  

                        5.3.1.  

                         
   .    
     -     
       .   
   ,       -  
.
         -
      ()  -  .   
 ,         .
        ?  
,            .  
         .  
          .  
       ,
      ,          
 .       ,
           
.      .
                    
   ,   .  
  .      ,    
     MACRO,          
  (,     .).  
   .    
   ,        ..,    ..    
..  (.).        
,      ,        
.      :  8,  9,
10,  11.             
 .      9.
   :
   -  ,   - 4.5;
   -     - 8;
   -        - 2;
   -   ,    
  - 16.5.
        ,      
       .
      ,      , 
  ().        
   ,  .
      ()     4-  ().
 .24        
.
                TT:      MOV   R1,R4        ;
               L-T--   L-T--- L----T-      L-T---------
                       
            . 24.     

    ""    ""       
.
        ,      ( 
  )    .        
     "".   ""  ,
       -    .
            
,     ""  -     
   .     
 ,    ,    
      ,          
  .      
  .
        ";",     
       .
    ""                  
  .
          "."  ().      18
  ,    9.
            
"END".
                 18.    9
---------T------------------------------------------T---------------
                                  
========+==========================================+===============
  .+                              .+45        
+--------+------------------------------------------+---------------+
  .#        ( )       .#14        
+--------+------------------------------------------+---------------+
  .@E     .    -     .@MET       
           ,                    
             ( -  )                 
                                        
+--------+------------------------------------------+---------------+
   .      -  "".                   
           (                     
          )   (                
           )                                 
+--------+------------------------------------------+---------------+
  .:                   .:57       
                                                     
+--------+------------------------------------------+---------------+
 .:...      "..." .:     
                                                  
L--------+------------------------------------------+----------------
    ""        ,
  .
    ""        ""       
.   ,    
   . :

                           MOV R1,R4

          
.

 1:    LF=12
             KBD=177662
             MOV #LF,R3                MOV #12,R3
             MOV KBD,R0                MOV @#177662,R0

         .
    ,         <> = <>,     
   .          
    ,     
     (,    
,       ).      
 :           
       0  777   100000  177777,  
         
.      MACRO     ,
         
  "MOV @#KBD,R0".

 2:
                             
            6000:       000167              JMP VAR+2
            6002:       001004
             ...         ...                 ...
            7006:       005000         VAR: CLR R0
            7010:       010203              MOV R2,R3

    JMP    ,   
VAR+2=7006+2=7010.
      9  -               ,
   "+"  "-".      -  
   .

 3:
                             
            1000:       012700              MOV  #6,R0
            1002:       000006
            1004:       005060         A:   CLRB TAB-1(R0)
            1006:       001777
            1010:       077003              SOB  R0,A
                                             . . .
            2000:                      TAB: .+6

               6  ,  
    2000.    ( ) 
.        .
   -  R0      6    1,     
      "TAB-1";         R0=1    
"CLRB TAB-1(R0)"     2000).

 4:
                             
            1000:       010701              MOV  PC,R1
            1002:       062701              ADD  (PC)+,R1
            1004:       000012              .@T+2
            1006:       005002              CLR  R2
            1010:       104020              EMT  20
            1012:       000000              HALT
            1014:                      T:   .A: !
                                            .E

      ,          
.          ,  
    ,      
 " !"     PC  
   "MOV  PC,R1":  1002  +  12 = 1014,   .@T = 10 -
         (  ),  
 2      "ADD (PC)+,R1".
            
    #10S   (    ).  
     ,   , 
       "JSR  PC,..."     ( @SP)
    ( ):

        JSR  PC,TEX  ;      
        .@T            ;     
        HALT         ;  
   T:   .A: !  ; 
        .E           ;      
                       ;   
   TEX: MOV  @SP,R1  ;   .@T
        ADD  @R1,R1  ;    
        CLR  R2      ;   
        EMT  20        ;
        ADD  #2,@SP  ;      .@T
        RTS  PC        ;  (   - HALT)

                    5.3.2.    

                  
  :
 -    (     )  
  ;
 -  ()         
 ( )    ();
 -  ()       
          (   ) 
 ,  .
       :     ,      
    9,     
     1000.   9    
  :
        -   ;
        -  ();
        - ;
        -  .
         9    ,   
  "*".        
  :
   LO -       ();
   LF -      ,   ;
   ST -    ;
   SF -         ,  
              ;
   SS -       ,   
             ,   ;
   CO -       ;
   CN -       ;
            :    CO  CN  
                          "/N?",   
                          , 
                           :
                           E -  ,
                           N -  ;
   SC -    ;
   SA -      ( );
   SL -      ( );
   LI -   ,     ,
           (   ,
           1000 );
   LA -   ,   ,  
           (   
          ,     
         "LI");
   LL -       (
           ,   
        ;    ,   
        1000);
   LS -      , 
           .
                     
  "RU"  "GO".

                  5.3.2.1.    

             
  :
        -   ;
        -  "  "  "  ";
        -    ,   
          ;
        - "/" -   ;
        - "" -   ;
        - "" -    ;
        - "/" -    ;
        - "" -  ,   ;
        - "/" -   ;
        - "" -      .
                   
   .
        ,          
   "".
            
   ,   .

                       5.3.2.2. 

            , 
      ,   
     :

         NN  . 
  NN     -  ;
      -    .
         :
     1  -    ;
     2  -  ;
     3  -      BR;
     4  -   ;
     5  -     ;
     6  -   ;
     7  -   (,   );
     10 -      "SOB";
     11 -  ;
     12 -   ;
     20 -     .

               5.3.2.3.   

                 
   ,    .   
       ,   
     ()        
     -          ,    
.
          , 
        
    : LL  LS.
          
 ,       , 
    ,       .
     (   );  
  .       
 ,                    
   .
                
9       "RS".

              5.3.3.     

              ,
           .    
              :
      ,         
 ,     ,          
.           
  ,         
      .    
    -       (
       ).

;    
        EMT       14      ; ;
        MOV       #INE,R1 ;   ;
        CLR       R2        ;
        EMT       20        ;
        MOV       #100,@#177660  ;   ;
        TST       @#177662; ,    ;
;     
ING:    MOV       #2,R0   ;   (  0  2);
        JSR       PC,NRN
        ADD       #221,R0 ;    ;
        EMT       16      ; ;
        MOV       #377,R0 ;    0  377
        JSR       PC,NRN    ;    
        MOV       R0,R1     ; X   ;
        MOV       #357,R0 ;    0  357
        JSR       PC,NRN    ;    
        MOV       R0,R2     ; Y   ;
        MOV       #1,R0   ; ;
        EMT       30        ;
        TSTB      @#177660;   ,
        BPL       ING       ; ;
        TST       @#177662;   ;
        CLR       @#177660; ;
        MOV       RAN,R0  ; 
        JSR       PC,OUT    ; ;
        HALT              ;   
;----------------------------------------------------
;    (  32   ,
;     )
INE:    .B:233.B:232.B:224.B:236.B:221.B:0
;----------------------------------------------------
;     
FRN:        .#000327      ;   "SWAB #RAN"
RAN:        .#0           ;    
        INCB      RAN     ;  
        ROLB      FRN+3      ;
MM:     ADD       #0,RAN     ; 
        ADD       #3337,MM+2 ; 
        RTS       PC
;----------------------------------------------------
;   R0     0..R0
NRN:    JSR       PC,FRN  ;   ;
        MOV       R1,-(SP)   ;   ;
        MOV       R2,-(SP)
        MOV       RAN,R1  ;  
        MOV       #100000,R2 ; ,
1:     BIC       R2,R1      ;
        ASR       R2         ;
        CMP       R1,R0      ;     
        BHI       1         ;;
        MOV       R1,R0   ;  R0;
        MOV       (SP)+,R2; ;
        MOV       (SP)+,R1
        RTS       PC
;----------------------------------------------------
;   R0   
OUT:    TST       R0       ;  ,
        BPL       1         ;
        NEG       R0         ;    "+",
        MOV       R0,-(SP)   ; R0  ;
        MOV       #55,R0     ;  "-"
        EMT       16           ; ;
        MOV       (SP)+,R0   ;   R0
1:     JSR       PC,OU1   ;  
        RTS       PC
;    R0    
OU1:    MOV       R0,-(SP) ;    
        DEC       R1         ; 10     
        CLR       R0         ;(    
1:     INC       R0         ;  R0),
        SUB       #12,@SP    ;  R0   
        BGE       1         ;  .
        ADD       #12,@SP    ;
        DEC       R0         ;
        BEQ       2       ;     
        JSR       PC,OU1   ;(..  ),   ,
                             ;    
                             ; OU1
2:     MOV       (SP)+,R0 ;     
                             ;   ,
                             ;   
        ADD       #60,R0     ;   
        EMT       16         ;
        RTS       PC
        END

            
 FRN.   , 
       ,         
.                  
  (""     
    ).   16- 
     () RAN.
           
NRN.    R0        ,  
  NRN,    R0      
  .
          . 
       -  .    
  (  ,    )
   (        ),
           .      
,   - .
    OU1         
,    ,        ,
                
   .             
  -        ,   
  12 (10   )      
,         .

      ,       
()      .
       ,    
    .            
      ,   ,  4  (.,
.).           
          :
       ( );
        ( );
        .
   ,    (.25).   
     : 2     12
    ( ).  ,  
        8    .    
 ""   , "" - .

                           . .    . . .
                           . . .   . . .
                           . . .  . . . 
                           .       .
                            . .   . . .
                           . . .   . . .
                           . .  . .  . .
                           . .  . .  . .
                           .   . .   .

                   .25.   

           ,     
  :
  2,12,1640,1700,140300,37774,1703,1700,1700,6060,6060,36074,
    -         .
      ,     
      ,    .
       :

;         
        EMT     14                ; 
;----   ()   ----
BEG:    MOV     #MEN,R0     ; ;
        MOV     ADR,R1      ; ,   ;
        MOV     (R0)+,R2    ;   ;
        MOV     (R0)+,R3    ;    ;
A:      MOV     R2,R4       ;   ;
        MOV     R1,R5       ;   ;
B:      MOVB    (R0)+,(R1)+ ;   
        SOB     R4,B          ; ;
        MOV     R5,R1       ;   ;
        ADD     #100,R1     ;   ;
        SOB     R3,A        ;   .
;----       ----
        MOV     #4000,R3    ; 4000   
W:      SOB     R3,W
;----     -----
        MOV     #MEN,R0     ; ;
        MOV     ADR,R1      ; ,   
        MOV     (R0)+,R2    ;   ;
        MOV     (R0)+,R3    ;    ;
C:      MOV     R2,R4       ;    ,
        MOV     R1,R5
D:      CLRB    (R1)+         ;    -
        SOB     R4,D          ;
        MOV     R5,R1
        ADD     #100,R1
        SOB     R3,C
;----------------------------------------------------
        MOV     @#177662,R0 ;     R0
        CMP     R0,#10      ;  " "?
        BNE     RIT         ; ,    RIT
        MOV     ADR,R2      ; ,  
        BIC     #177700,R2    ;    
        BEQ     BEG         ; ,    BEG
        DEC     ADR         ;   1  
        BR      BEG         ;    BEG -  -
                              ;    
;-----------------------------------------------------
RIT:    CMP     R0,#31      ;  " "?
        BNE     UP          ; ,    UP
        MOV     ADR,R2      ; ,
        BIC     #177700,R2  ;  
        CMP     #76,R2        ;  
        BEQ     BEG         ; ,    BEG
        INC     ADR         ;     1
        BR      BEG         ;    BEG -  -
                              ;    
;------------------------------------------------------
UP:     CMP     R0,#32      ;  " "?
        BNE     DON         ; ,    DON
        CMP     ADR,#42100  ;  
                              ; ?
        BLO     BEG         ; ,    BEG
        SUB     #200,ADR    ;     200
        BR      BEG         ;    BEG (
                              ;    )
;-----------------------------------------------------
DON:    CMP     R0,#33      ;  " "?
        BNE     BEG         ; ,    BEG
        CMP     ADR,#76500  ;   
                              ;   
        BHI     BEG         ; ,    BEG
        ADD     #200,ADR    ;     200
        BR      BEG         ;    BEG (
                              ;    )
;-----------------------------------------------------
ADR:   .#56036              ;   
;----   () ----
MEN:   .#2.#12.#1640.#1700.#140300.#37774.#1703.#1700.#1700
       .#6060.#6060.#36074
END

        ADR ( , 
 ADR)  ,          
.             .
  (56036) ,        
    .
                ,  
,        ,    ,  
   .      ,  
   ,   ADR  ,   
        .      ,     ADR
,               
 .


           6.      

     6.1.        

                
          .  ,    
  -           
 ?    -   ,  
   .     
      ,  ,        
  .5  ,          ,
          ,   
        .           
 -    .
                   
   :       DATA,
          READ      
  POKE.
    ,             
  ,       
CLEAR    :

                           CLEAR B,A

     B -  ,    ;
     A -    ,    
         .

   ,        30000, 
     CLEAR  250,&O30000 .      
            ,
   30000.    30000   
   .
               
 ,             
  ().

                       BSAVE"",,

                  
      .
              
 :
                       BLOAD"",R,
             "R",  
        .
   ,                   ,
          ,         
     DATA.      
  ,        
       .
             
     .

    1.      .
            .5.3.3.    
         ,    
     .
              
.5.3.3:

;    
035000     012700          MOV    #MEN,R0
035002     035070
035004     011501          MOV    (R5),R1   ;  
035006     012002          MOV    (R0)+,R2
035010     012003          MOV    (R0)+,R3
035012     010204    A:    MOV    R2,R4
035014     010146          MOV    R1,-(SP)
035016     112021    B:    MOVB   (R0)+,(R1)+
035020     077402          SOB    R4,B
035022     012601          MOV    (SP)+,R1
035024     062701          ADD    #100,R1
035026     000100
035030     077310          SOB    R3,A
035032     000207          RTS    PC        ;  
;    
035034     012700          MOV    #MEN,R0
035036     035070
035040     011501          MOV    (R5),R1   ;  
035042     012002          MOV    (R0)+,R2
035044     012003          MOV    (R0)+,R3
035046     010204    C:    MOV    R2,R4
035050     010146          MOV    R1,-(SP)
035052     105021    D:    CLRB   (R1)+
035054     077402          SOB    R4,D
035056     012601          MOV    (SP)+,R1
035060     062701          ADD    #100,R1
035062     000100
035064     077310          SOB    R3,C
035066     000207          RTS    PC        ;  
; ,    
035070               MEN: .#2.#12.#1640.#1700.#140300.#37774.#1703
                          .#1700.#1700.#6060.#6060
035116                    .#36074

         .5.3.3,          
        ,          
,        USR.    
 ,  ,  RTS PC.
         10  
USR0..USR9.            
(,  USR0  USR1).
    USR        
     .   USR    R5  
  ,      R3  -   (  15- 
  ,            
  R3:  -1 - ,  0 -   , 1 -
  ;   -  , 
       -    ).  
       ,   
 (  ) .      
  ,  R3  .
    ,      .5.3.3 "  "  R5 
 R1,    R1   ,    
.
             35000.
        (     )
   CLEAR ,&35000.      
            ,         
,     -    -0010-01  
 .          
 .
    ,        ,     
   DATA,              
   ,   35000.

10 DATA &O012700,&O035070,&O011501,&O012002,&O012003,&O010204,&O010146
15 DATA &O112021,&O077402,&O012601,&O062701,&O100,&O077310,&O207
20 DATA &O012700,&O035070,&O011501,&O012002,&O012003,&O010204,&O010146
25 DATA &O105021,&O077402,&O012601,&O062701,&O100,&O077310,&O207
30 DATA 2,&O12,&O1640,&O1700,&O140300,&O37774,&O1703
35 DATA &O1700,&O1700,&O6060,&O6060,&O36074
40 ?CHR$(140);CHR$(140)              ' 
50 FOR A%=&O35000 TO &O35116 STEP 2% '   
60 READ D%
70 POKE A%,D%
80 NEXT A%
90 DEF USR0=&O35000     '    
95 DEF USR1=&O35034     '    
100 S%=&O56036          '  ,   
110 L%=USR0(S%)         ' 
115 FOR L%=0% TO 150%   '
116 NEXT
117 L%=USR1(S%)         ' 
120 I%=PEEK(&O177662)   ',    
130 IF I%=&O10 THEN IF S% MOD 64% <> 0% THEN S%=S%-1%   '
140 IF I%=&O31 THEN IF S% MOD 64% < &O76 THEN S%=S%+1%  '
150 IF I%=&O32 THEN IF S%>&O43000 THEN S%=S%-&O200      '
160 IF I%=&O33 THEN IF S%<&O76000 THEN S%=S%+&O200      '
170 GOTO 110

    50 - 80        
  35000  35116.
    DEF (  90-95)        
   USR0  USR1     .
                  
 S%.
     120  I%       ,  
       130 - 160   
S%.
       ( 40)   ,  
    ,       
  40000.

    2:

10 DATA &O13701,&O35102,&O12737,&O100,&O177716,&O13700,&O35100
12 DATA &O77001,&O12737,0,&O177716,&O13700,&O35100,&O77001,&O77115
14 DATA &O12702,&O400,&O77201,&O207
20 FOR A%=&O35000 TO &O35044 STEP 2
30 READ B%
40 POKE A%,B%
50 NEXT A%
60 DEF USR0=&O35000
70 DATA 128,128,112,128,99,640,128,128,112,128,99,128,128,128
75 DATA 94,128,99,128,128,256,112,128,99,128,112,640
80 FOR C%=1 TO 13
90 READ T%,D%
100 POKE &O35100,T%
110 POKE &O35102,D%
120 I%=USR0(I%)
130 NEXT C%

      ,        ,   
      .
    10-60     ,        35000,
   .
       .      
 ,     70-75.      
  ,   -  .
    80-130 "" .

          6.2.    
                        

     ,         
    ()  .    ,    
       . 
   ,                 
,    -  ?
          
[15].        [8].   
,         .
    ,           
    -          -0010 
   -0010-01         (    
,   ,     ). 
      ( 
 -60)    , 
   ,   ,         ,
          .
     ,       
  2  ,         4000 
      .
            
.            
,         .
       ?
         4  (8 ).  
  1-  (63-  ) -   ,  
7-14 ( 55-62 ) -  (p),    6  1-
  2-,  3-,  4-  ( 0-54  )  -    ()
(.26).
      N   :

         p-201     -1     -2     -3           -54    -55     p-201
N=(M+1) 2     =(1+2  a  +2  a  +2  a  + ... +2   a +2    ) 2      ,
                      54     53     52            1      0

    a  -  i -    (0  1).
        i

    201 -,  - .

 X ( )                X+2                            X+10
                                                              
63                                               0
+-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-T-+-T-T-T-T-T- - - - ---T-T-T-T-T-+
     (p)                             (M)       
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - - - ---+-+-+-+-+-+
15            2 1 0                               
   1-  (2 )         2-, 3-  4- (6 )

          .26.    

                 
     ?
           2     ,  
      1.
          1,        
  2   ,        1.  
       -  .  201
()      (   ,      )
     2 -   .
    ""   :        
  (0 -   "+",  1 -     "-"),  ,
.            
  ,      64 .
           
  :

    1:   : 9.5 .   2:

     9.5
     4.75   -   1- :
     2.375  -  2- ;
     1.1875 -  3- .

      ,    0.1875       
     2.        
    1,   1 .

     0.1875 -   2;
     0.375  -   2;
     0.75   -   2:
     1.5    -  1    2:
     1      - .

          -  0011 (  
   ,   0).  
3      2,        201 + 3 = 204 (
)  10000100 ().   ""  :
   ,   63-   0,    
    :

0 10000100 0011 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.

 X -  ,         
 :

     :  :
     X         41030 ()
     X+2           0
     X+4           0
     X+6           0

    2:   : -13.25. ,   ,
        . 
 2:
        13.25
         6.625
         3.3125
         1.65625

       0.65625     :

        0.65625
        1.3125
        0.625
        1.25
        0.5
        1

 10101.   201+3=204 (10000100).
      :

1100001001010100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  : 141124,0,0,0   .

    3:  : 0.0234375.   2:

   0.0234375
   0.046875
   0.09375
   0.1875
   0.375
   0.75
   1.5

    1.5  0.5   :  
1.    201-6=173 ( ).   - 0 ("+"). 
   :

0011110111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

  : 36700,0,0,0   .

              ?    
  ,     .
                   RUN
       ,  
     ,      :  ,
       [8].    ,      
,   ,  ()  .
    ,      (    "
")       ,      R4      
,    "JMP @(R4)+"      
,                      
 .      
      "JMP @(R4)+" ,   
  .
                 
  -  (  ), 
         ,   
.        ""     
  ,     "" -  
   .
     19    ,   
                 (
 ).
       -   .

                          19.   
     --------------------------T---------------T---------------
                      
                                
     +-------------------------+---------------+---------------+
           + ()         167144            2         
           - ()        167124            2         
           / ()          170776            2         
           * ()        170210            2         
            SQR                 171350            1         
            SIN                 173614            1         
            COS                 173566            1         
            TAN                 174306            1         
            ATN                 174434            1         
            EXP                 171762            1         
            LOG                 173052            1         
            FIX                 176212            1         
            INT                 176340            1         
            RND                 175176            1         
       -   166760            1         
                                            
                                                    
     L-------------------------+---------------+----------------

    ,              ,
      19,        2000  4000
   (    -      
).
        ,    
     .
           
 :
   R0 -   (1  2);
   R1 -   ;
   R2 -    (    .
              );
   R3 -    ( .19);
   R5 -  .
          
      RUN  -      
      .
                (  )
   A.

FUN: MOV    R0,-(SP)        ; 
     MOV    R1,-(SP)          ; 
     MOV    R2,-(SP)          ; 
     MOV    R3,-(SP)          ;  ;
     MOV    R4,-(SP)          ;
     MOV    R5,-(SP)          ;
     MOV    #A,R4           ;  
                              ;    ;
     MOV    #156170,(R4)+   ;     ;
     MOV    R1,(R4)+        ;   ;
     CMP    R0,#1           ;     ,
     BEQ    C               ;     C;
     MOV    #156170,(R4)+   ;     ;
     MOV    R2,(R4)+        ;   ;
C:   MOV    R3,(R4)+        ;    -
                              ;    ;
     CMP    R3,#166760      ;     
     BNE    G               ;   ,   G;
     MOV    #156350,(R4)+   ;     
     BR     D                 ; (  );
G:   MOV    #156334,(R4)+   ;    
D:   MOV    R5,(R4)+        ;    ,   R5;
     MOV    #B,(R4)+        ;     ;
     MOV    #A,R4           ;     ;
     JMP    @(R4)+            ;
B:   MOV    (SP)+,R5        ; 
     MOV    (SP)+,R4          ; 
     MOV    (SP)+,R3          ; 
     MOV    (SP)+,R2          ;  
     MOV    (SP)+,R1          ;
     MOV    (SP)+,R0          ;
     RTS    PC              ;   
A:   .+22

       "MOV   #156170,(R4)+"           
     ,      
   ,        "MOV  R1,(R4)+"  -     
,   R1.
        ,  .
               
  .             
,     R5.      156334,
   (4 ),   156350,  
 ,   .
     :

;   (4+7)*3.0625-1.25
     MOV    #2,R0           ; 
     MOV    #AR1,R1         ; 
     MOV    #AR2,R2         ; 
     MOV    #167144,R3      ;  
     MOV    #REZ,R5         ; 
     JSR    PC,FUN          ; 
     MOV    R5,R1           ; 
                              ;  
     MOV    #AR3,R2         ; 
     MOV    #170210,R3      ;  
     JSR    PC,FUN          ;  (   -  REZ)
     MOV    R5,R1           ;   
     MOV    #AR4,R2           ;
     MOV    #167124,R3      ;  
     JSR    PC,FUN          ; 
;     
     ADD    #10,R5          ;   ;
     MOV    -(R5),-(SP)
     MOV    -(R5),-(SP)
     MOV    -(R5),-(SP)
     MOV    -(R5),-(SP)
     JSR    PC,@#164710     ;  
                              ;   ;
     ADD    #4,SP           ; ;
     MOV    #3027,R1        ;  
     MOV    #20000,R2       ;  - 
     EMT    20              ;  
; :
AR1: .#40600.#0.#0.#0       ;4.0
AR2: .#40740.#0.#0.#0       ;7.0
AR3: .#40504.#0.#0.#0       ;3.0625
AR4: .#40240.#0.#0.#0       ;1.25
REZ: .#0.#0.#0.#0           ;

         6.3.     

           0  377   
     (  , 
       ,  ..4.4.3).      
    ,  ,   
.          ,   
  ,         ""   
  .
               .
       .

                                  20.  
   ------T-----T-------------------------------------------------
                                          
                                                          
   +-----+-----+-------------------------------------------------+
    040   1    32/64 (0 -  "64", 377 -  "32")  
    041   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)         
    042   1      (0 - ., 377 - .)
    043   1    (0 - LAT, 200 -  )                   
    044   1    (0 - ., 377 - .)           
    045   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)        
    046   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)               
    047   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)               
    050   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)              
    051   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)               
    052   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)              
    053   1    32/64    (0-"64",377-"32")
    054   1     .  (0-., 377-.)
    055   1    .  (0 - ., 377 - .)   
    056   1     (0 - ., 377 - .)         
    104   1                     
    112  10     (   "64") 
    126   2       10         
    130   2       1          
    132   2       2          
    134   2       3          
    136   2       4          
    140   2       5          
    142   2       6          
    144   2       7          
    146   2       8          
    150   2       9          
    153   1        (0 - , 1 - )  
    154   2           
    160   2                   
    162   2      -   
                                    
    164   2                            
    176   2               
    200   2    Y           
    202   2                            
    204   2               
               40000                                     
    206   2                              
    210   2                     
    212   2                               
    214   2                            
    216   2                       
    220   2                    
    260   2    ,     
                60.  0,     
    262   2    0,    ""  12,  15  
    264   2                 
    266   2                          
   L-----+-----+--------------------------------------------------
   :               
  ( ),  -  .

    1.        :

10 POKE &O214,-1        MOV    #177777,@#214  ; ;
20 POKE &O212,&O52525   MOV    #52525,@#212   ; ;
30 ?"!"         MOV    #TXT,R1        ;
                        CLR    R2               ;
                        EMT    20               ;
                        HALT
                   TXT: .A:!

    2.       :

10 POKE &O160,PEEK(&O204)+&O36100       MOV  @#204,@#160
                                        ADD  #36100,@#160
20 ? ""                            MOV #TXT,R1
                                        CLR R2
                                        EMT 20
                                        HALT
                                   TXT: .A:

   :          ;
           ,   
 POKE ...    ""        
    .

    3.    " ":

10 X=PEEK(&O162)                MOV @#162,R3   ;  
20 POKE &O162,&O100             MOV #100,@#162
30 ?""                     MOV #TXT,R1
                                CLR R2
                                EMT 20
40 POKE &O162,X                 MOV R3,@#162   ; 
                                HALT
                           TXT: .A:

                 .   -0010-01

                                             1.  
-------------------T------------T------------------------------------
                                                        
+--------T---------+                                
 -   -  ( -                                      
        )                                        
+--------+---------+------------+------------------------------------+
    3       3                             
    7       7        /G      (       
                                ""  "G")                
    8      10                                        
   10      12         -       ""                       
   12      14                                    
   13      15        /               
   14      16                          
   15      17                        
   16      20        /P                   
   18      22        /R                
   19      23                                     
   20      24        /        8        
                                                           
   21      25        /U                   
                                                  
   22      26        -                           
   23      27         +-                        
   24      30                  ,          
                                 ( "" )        
   25      31                                                  
   26      32                                                  
   27      33                                                  
   28      34     / ( \ )           
   29      35     / ( / )                                    
   30      36     / ( \ )                                    
   31      37     /  ( / )  -                                  
   32      40                                              
   33      41        !                        
   34      42        "                                    
   35      43        #                                      
   36      44        $          ""                       
   37      45        %                                    
   38      46        &                                  
   39      47        '                                   
   40      50        (                         
   41      51        )                        
   42      52        *                              
   43      53        +                                       
   44      54        ,                                    
   45      55        -                                      
   46      56        .                                      
   47      57        /                                
   48      60        0                                          
   49      61        1                                          
   50      62        2                                     
L--------+---------+------------+-------------------------------------

                              1.     ()
-------------------T------------T------------------------------------
                                                        
+--------T---------+                                
 -   -  ( -                                      
        )                                        
+--------+---------+------------+------------------------------------+
   51      63        3                                          
   52      64        4                                     
   53      65        5                                          
   54      66        6                                          
   55      67        7                                          
   56      70        8                                          
   57      71        9        -                                  
   58      72        :                                  
   59      73        ;                              
   60      74        <                                     
   61      75        =                                      
   62      76        >                                     
   63      77        ?                         
   64      100       @           ""              
 65-90   101-132     (.  2)       
   91      133       [                      
   92      134       \                     
   93      135       ]                     
   94      136       ^                         
   95      137       _                              
   96      140       `                             
 97-122  141-172     (.  2)        
  123      173       {                        
  124      174       |                          
  125      175       }                       
  126      176       ~                                
  127      177                                
  129      201                                         
  130      202                     
                                            
  132      204                   
                              ()      
  137      211                         
  140      214       2/        
                                (      
                                "2"  "")             
  144      220                   
  145      221     ()            
  146      222     ()       
  147      223      ()    "2"," "  "1","2",
  148      224     ()   - "3"  "4"        
  149      225    2//5         
                               ( "")                   
  150      226    2//6          
                                   ""         
  151      227    2//7             
                                  ""             
  152      230    2/""   -       
                                             
L--------+---------+------------+-------------------------------------

                              1.   ()
-------------------T------------T------------------------------------
                                                        
+--------T---------+                                
 -   -  ( -                                      
        )                                        
+--------+---------+------------+------------------------------------+
  153      231      +-+-                 
                                                      
  154      232       2/:             
                                                          
  155      233       2/;      "32/64         
                                "                  
  156      234       2/,             
                                                         
  157      235       2/-             
                                                           
  158      236       2/.              
                                       
  159      237       2//           
                                                         
  160      240         ()     .           
  161      241      +   ()             
  162      242         ()     "2"  , 
  163      243         ()                             
  164      244         ()                                     
  165      245      +   ()                                     
  166      246        L ()                                     
  167      247      =   ()                                     
  168      250        T ()                                     
  169      251         ()                                     
  170      252        - ()                                     
  171      253      T   ()                                     
  172      254         ()                                     
  173      255         ()                                     
  174      256        + ()                                     
  175      257         ()                                     
  176      260        + ()                                     
  177      261         ()                                     
  178      262        + ()                                     
  179      263         ()                                     
  180      264         ()                                     
  181      265      -   ()                                     
  182      266        + ()                                     
  183      267         ()                                     
  184      270         ()                                     
  185      271      -   ()                                     
  186      272        + ()                                     
  187      273      T   ()                                     
  188      274         ()                                     
  189      275         ()                                     
  190      276         ()                                     
  191      277      -   ( )   -                                  
 192-223 300-337       (.  3)        
 224-255 340-377      (.  3)        
L--------+---------+--------------------------------------------------

                       2.    
      ----------------------------T---------------------------
                                 
      +--------T---------T--------+--------T---------T--------+
       -   -          -   -         
                      
                                            
      +--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
         65      101       A      97      141       a   
         66      102       B      98      142       b   
         67      103       C      99      143       c   
         68      104       D      100     144       d   
         69      105       E      101     145       e   
         70      106       F      102     146       f   
         71      107       G      103     147       g   
         72      110       H      104     150       h   
         73      111       I      105     151       i   
         74      112       J      106     152       j   
         75      113       K      107     153       k   
         76      114       L      108     154       l   
         77      115       M      109     155       m   
         78      116       N      110     156       n   
         79      117       O      111     157       o   
         80      120       P      112     160       p   
         81      121       Q      113     161       q   
         82      122       R      114     162       r   
         83      123       S      115     163       s   
         84      124       T      116     164       t   
         85      125       U      117     165       u   
         86      126       V      118     166       v   
         87      127       W      119     167       w   
         88      130       X      120     170       x   
         89      131       Y      121     171       y   
         90      132       Z      122     172       z   
      L--------+---------+----------------+---------+---------

                         3.    
      ----------------------------T---------------------------
                                 
      +--------T---------T--------+--------T---------T--------+
       -   -     -   -    
                                
                                            
      +--------+---------+--------+--------+---------+--------+
        192      300            224      340          
        193      301            225      341          
        194      302            226      342          
        195      303            227      343          
        196      304            228      344          
        197      305            229      345          
        198      306            230      346          
        199      307            231      347          
        200      310            232      350          
        201      311            233      351          
        202      312            234      352          
        203      313            235      353          
        204      314            236      354          
        205      315            237      355          
        206      316            238      356          
        207      317            239      357          
        208      320            240      360          
        209      321            241      361          
        210      322            242      362          
        211      323            243      363          
        212      324            244      364          
        213      325            245      365          
        214      326            246      366          
        215      327            247      367          
        216      330            248      370          
        217      331            249      371          
        218      332            250      372          
        219      333            251      373          
        220      334            252      374          
        221      335            253      375          
        222      336            254      376          
        223      337            255      377           
      L--------+---------+----------------+---------+---------

                              

   1.    " - -0010",
      " - -0010".  "".  .
      ., 1989. - 18 .
   2.    " - -0010",
      " - -0010".  "". 
      . ., 1988. - 25 .
   3.    " - -0010",
      " - -0010". - .
        . 1987. - 8 .
   4.  ..     
        . .:   , 1989. - 287 .
   5.  ..   //   .
      1989. N- 3. . 19-113, N- 5. . 127-131.
   6.  .    -0010.01//   -
      . 1990. N-1. .65-68.
   7.  .   -0010.01//   -
      . 1990. N-3. .44-49.
   8.  .,  .     
       -0010.01//   . 1990. N-2. .42-46.
   9.  ..,  ..,  ..  -
           . .:   ,
      1987. - 24 .
  10.  ..,  ..,  ..  
      -  -. .: , 1988. - 33 .
  11.  . . . .: , 1979. - 271 .
  12.  .    -0010// 
      . 1990. N- 6. .61-69.
  13.  .    : .  . .:,
      1986. - 383 .
  14.  .    -0010//
       . 1989. N- 5. .113-115.
  15.  .,  .   
        -0010//   . 1989. N- 5.
      C.60-67.


